Acute stress impairs reward positivity effect in probabilistic learning
Acute stress impairs reward positivity effect in probabilistic learning
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急性压力会损害概率学习中的奖励积极效应
DOI：
10.1111/psyp.13531
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Li Hong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Xukai;Li Peng;Chen Jie;Li Hong
基于反馈学习的决策需要一系列认知过程，包括估计特定结果的概率，以及在预期结果和实际结果之间调整预期。已有研究表明，压力会影响对反馈效价和反馈大小的决策和后续加工。然而，人们对急性压力对报酬预期的影响知之甚少。在当前的研究中，参与者执行了一项概率学习任务，在压力(电击威胁)和安全(无电击)的条件下，他们学习了不同奖励预期试验(30%和70%)中反应和反馈之间的联系。我们记录了事件相关电位(ERPs)来测量奖赏正性(RewP)，它反映了反馈加工过程中奖赏预测误差信号。行为数据显示，参与者在70%奖励试验中的表现好于30%奖励试验。然而，在应激和安全条件下，没有观察到显著的差异。重要的是，事件相关电位结果表明，意外反馈引起的RewP比预期反馈更大，并且RewP的这一预期效应在应激条件下相对于安全条件下有所降低。此外，在安全和应激条件下，REWP与选择正确率(70%−30%奖励条件)的相关模式相似，但只有在应激条件下才达到显著相关。这可能表明，迟钝的RewP与个体水平的表现受损有关。我们的研究提供了急性应激影响大脑对奖赏预测错误加工的反应的事件相关电位证据，这可能解释了与应激相关的障碍相关的各种异常学习行为。
Decision making based on feedback learning requires a series of cognitive processes, including estimating the probability of particular outcomes and modulating expectations between expected versus actual outcomes. It has been suggested that stress affects decision making and subsequent processing of feedback valence and magnitude. However, less is known about the effect of acute stress on reward expectancy. In the current study, participants performed a probabilistic learning task, in which they learned an association between response and feedback within different reward expectancy trials (30% and 70%) under the conditions of stress (threat of shock) and safety (no shock). We recorded event‐related potentials (ERPs) to measure the reward positivity (RewP) which reflects reward prediction error signals during feedback processing. Behavioral data indicated that participants performed better in the 70% reward trials than in the 30% reward trials. However, no significant difference was observed between stress and safe conditions. Importantly, ERP results indicated that unexpected feedback elicited larger RewP than did expected feedback and this expectancy effect of RewP was reduced in the stress relative to safe condition. Moreover, the correlations between RewP and choice accuracy (70% − 30% reward condition) in the safe and stress conditions were in a similar pattern; yet, only in the stress condition the correlation reached significantly. This may indicate that blunted RewP was associated with impaired performance at an individual level. Our study provides ERP evidence that acute stress affects brain responses to reward prediction error processing, which may explain various abnormal learning behaviors associated with stress‐related disorders.