Progress of Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Its Application in Polymer Characterization
Progress of Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Its Application in Polymer Characterization
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DOI：
10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2020.20234
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发表时间：
2021-04-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Hu, Wen-bing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Yong-xuan;Zhou, Dong-shan;Hu, Wen-bing
差示扫描量热法（DSC）是表征材料热性能和研究材料热反应的一种高效工具，具有简单、通用、测量结果明确、物理意义明确等优点。近年来，DSC技术的巨大发展极大地扩展了聚合物表征的测量范围，促进了高分子材料物理转变热力学和动力学的深入研究。温度调制DSC（Temperature-modulated DSC，TMDSC）是20世纪90年代DSC技术的一个重大进展，它在传统的线性升温速率中引入了扫描速率微扰，从而将整个热通量信号分离为可逆和不可逆信号，并在准等温过程中测量可逆热容。快速扫描芯片量热法（FSC）是近年来DSC技术的新进展，它采用氮化硅薄膜制成的微型芯片取代传统坩埚作为样品保持器和温度控制器，从而实现超快的加热和冷却速率，用于测量微米和纳米级的样品质量。这使得分析在温度扫描期间频繁发生的结构重组现象和模拟聚合物加工的实际条件成为可能。本文首先介绍了热分析的基本原理，然后依次介绍了DSC、TMDSC和FSC的历史、原理、实验技巧以及它们在聚合物表征中的应用实例。最后展望了DSC的发展和应用前景。我们希望这一调查将有助于读者获得更深入的了解常用的DSC技术，并鼓励他们扩大DSC技术在聚合物表征的进一步应用。
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a highly efficient tool to characterize the thermal properties and to investigate thermal reactions of materials owing to its advantages of simplicity and universality as well as the well-defined measurement results with a clear physical meaning. In recent years, the tremendous development of DSC technique has greatly extended the measurement range for polymer characterization, facilitating the further research on thermodynamics and kinetics of physical transitions in polymer materials. Temperature-modulated DSC (TMDSC), a remarkable advance in DSC technique in 1990s, introduces scanning rate perturbation into the traditional linear heating rate so that the overall heat flux could be separated into reversible and non-reversible signals and furthermore, the reversing heat capacity could be measured in the quasi-isothermal process. Fast scanning chip-calorimetry (FSC) is a new progress of DSC technique in recent years, which adopts a miniature chip made of silicon nitride thin films to replace the traditional crucible as the sample holder and temperature controller, thus achieving ultra-fast heating and cooling rates for the measurement with sample mass on micro- and nanogram scale, which makes it possible to analyze the structural reorganization phenomena occurring frequently during temperature scanning and to simulate the actual condition of polymer processing. This review starts with the fundamentals of thermal analysis, followed with a sequential introduction of DSC, TMDSC and FSC by covering their histories, principles, experimental skills as well as their practical examples of polymer characterization. In the end, the prospects of the development and application of DSC are highlighted. We hope this survey would help the readers to gain a deeper understanding of the commonly used DSC technique and encourages them to expand further applications of DSC techniques in polymer characterization.