Looking, laughing, and smiling in dyads as a function of intimacy motivation and reciprocity
Looking, laughing, and smiling in dyads as a function of intimacy motivation and reciprocity
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作为亲密动机和互惠的函数，看、笑和微笑成对出现
DOI：
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Kirshnit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. McAdams;R. J. Jackson;C. Kirshnit
80名大学生（男女各40名）接受了主题统知觉测试（TAT），并接受了同性采访者的单向（采访者提问）或双向（采访者提问并透露自己的信息）采访。这些测试是根据亲密动机来打分的。在这个2（女性vs男性）× 2（高亲密动机vs低亲密动机）× 2（互惠vs单向条件）实验中，正如假设的那样，在整个样本中，亲密动机与更高水平的笑声、微笑和目光接触呈正相关。此外，女性在笑声、微笑和眼神交流方面的得分明显高于男性。与第二个假设相反，高亲密动机与互惠条件相结合并不能产生最高水平的笑声、微笑和目光接触。研究结果将亲密动机的结构验证文献扩展到非语言行为领域，这些非语言行为被认为是亲切人际互动中积极人际关注的指示。
Eighty college students (40 females and 40 males) were administered the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and interviewed in either a one-way (interviewer asks questions) or reciprocal (interviewer asks questions and discloses information about him- or herself) condition by a same-sex interviewer. The TATs were scored for intimacy motivation. In this 2 (Female vs. Male) × 2 (High vs. Low Intimacy Motive) × 2 (Reciprocal vs. One-Way Condition) experiment, intimacy motivation was positively associated with greater levels of laughter, smiling, and eye contact for the entire sample, as hypothesized. Furthermore, women showed significantly higher scores than men on laughter, smiling, and eye contact. Contrary to a second hypothesis, high intimacy motivation combined with reciprocal condition did not yield the highest levels of laughter, smiling, and eye contact. The results extend the construct validation literature for intimacy motivation into the domain of nonverbal behaviors considered to be indicative of positive interpersonal regard in cordial human interactions.