Need for redefining needs.
Need for redefining needs.
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DOI：
10.1186/1477-7525-1-34
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发表时间：
2003-08-21
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Gray, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Asadi-Lari, Mohsen;Packham, Chris;Gray, David
由于“需要”概念的内在复杂性，界定需要是困难的，因此提出许多定义也就不足为奇了。“健康”包括广泛的特征，因此“健康需求”应包括个人和社会护理、医疗保健、住宿、金融、教育、就业和休闲、交通和获得。具有很高政治地位的保健领域的目标驱动标准似乎正在取代普遍提供和临床需求的概念；临床保健的这一重大变化需要重新评估保健结果。如果要充分和适当地利用稀缺资源，确定谁可能从这种新的卫生保健方法中受益也同样重要。如果护理的目标是“最佳健康”，成功的关键标志应该是确定个别患者的卫生保健需求(HCN)并相应地为其量身定做服务。对“需求”的描述差异很大，直接影响到旨在满足人群健康保健需求的政策和服务。因此，“需要”的定义对医疗保健的提供有着重要的影响--定义越受限制，医疗服务就越少，反之亦然。本文描述了一些常见的需求定义，并讨论了它们在卫生保健提供方面各自的优点和缺点以及它们对卫生政策的潜在影响。
Defining needs is difficult due to the inherent complexity of the concept of 'need', so it is not surprising that numerous definitions have been proposed. 'Health' consists of a wide range of characteristics so 'health needs' ought to include personal and social care, health care, accommodation, finance, education, employment and leisure, transport and access. Target-driven standards in areas of health care with a high political profile appear to be replacing the concept of universal provision and clinical need; this major change in clinical care warrants a re-evaluation of health care outcomes. Identifying who might benefit from this new approach to health care is equally important if scarce resources are to be fully and appropriately utilised. If the goal of care is 'optimal health', the key marker of success ought to be to ascertain individual patients' health care needs (HCN) and tailor services accordingly. Wide variation in the description of 'needs' directly affects policies and services intended to meet a population's health care needs. Consequently, the definition of 'needs' has important implications for healthcare provision- the more constrained the definition, the less healthcare will be made available and vice versa. This paper describes some common definitions of needs and discusses their respective benefits and disadvantages in terms of health care provision and their potential impact on health policy.