A Fossil Fuel-Funded Climate Disaster Response Fund under the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage Associated with Climate Change Impacts
A Fossil Fuel-Funded Climate Disaster Response Fund under the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage Associated with Climate Change Impacts
复制标题
华沙国际气候变化影响损失和损害机制下的化石燃料资助气候灾害应对基金
DOI：
10.1017/s2047102514000302
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
R. Lyster
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Lyster
应对巨灾风险的社会机构有三套：通过规则制定的政府监管、市场监管和民事责任。气候灾害暴露了所有这些社会机构的局限性，并往往造成大量未补偿的损失，特别是在发展中国家。作者建议建立一个由化石燃料资助的气候灾害应对基金，以补偿发展中国家特别容易受到气候变化影响的气候灾害的“残余”风险。该基金是根据《联合国气候变化框架公约》的华沙气候变化影响损失和损害国际机制设立的，将包括对世界上最大的200家化石燃料公司征收的费用。这一建议是以各种国内和国际基金为蓝本的，这些基金是为克服侵权法带来的困难而设立的，这些基金要求公司为其活动和产品的危险后果买单。先例包括用于补偿有毒化学品、石油污染泄漏、石棉和核事故造成的损害的资金。
Abstract Three sets of social institutions deal with catastrophic risk: government regulation through rule making, the market, and civil liability. Climate disasters expose the limitations of all of these social institutions and often result in extensive uncompensated losses, particularly in developing countries. The author proposes the establishment of a fossil fuel-funded Climate Disaster Response Fund to compensate victims for the ‘residual’ risk of climate disasters in developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. This Fund, established under the UNFCCC’s Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage Associated with Climate Change Impacts, would comprise levies placed on the world’s top 200 fossil fuel companies. This proposal is modelled on various domestic and international funds which have been established to overcome the difficulties posed by tort law and which require companies to pay for the hazardous consequences of their activities and products. Precedents include funds to compensate for the damage caused by toxic chemicals, oil pollution spills, asbestos and nuclear accidents.