Collection of Viable Aerosolized Influenza Virus and Other Respiratory Viruses in a Student Health Care Center through Water-Based Condensation Growth
Collection of Viable Aerosolized Influenza Virus and Other Respiratory Viruses in a Student Health Care Center through Water-Based Condensation Growth
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DOI：
10.1128/msphere.00251-17
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Wu, Chang-Yu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pan, Maohua;Bonny, Tania S.;Wu, Chang-Yu
呼吸道病毒气溶胶传播的动力学和意义仍然存在争议，主要原因是常用的空气采样器无法有效收集病毒气溶胶，并且收集的病毒被灭活。如果不了解病毒的生存能力，感染风险分析就缺乏准确性。进行该初步研究的目的是（i）确定是否可以通过活病毒气溶胶采样器（VIVAS）从真实的世界环境中的空气中收集气溶胶中的传染性（活）呼吸道病毒，（ii）比较和对比标准生物气溶胶采样器BioSampler与VIVAS在真实的世界环境中收集空气传播病毒的有效性，以及（iii）获得使用VIVAS进行呼吸道病毒采样的见解。VIVAS通过水蒸气冷凝过程操作，以扩大雾化的病毒颗粒，以促进其捕获。在2016年晚发型流感病毒爆发期间，VIVAS收集了多种活的人呼吸道病毒，包括甲型H1N1和H3 N2流感病毒以及B流感病毒，这些病毒距离坐着的患者至少2 m。虽然BioSampler在按照我们优化的参数操作时也收集了病毒气溶胶，但在大多数情况下，由于病毒分离频率较低，因此总体上不太成功。这种并排比较凸显了过去基于撞击采样的研究的一些局限性，由于收集效率低下和/或收集过程导致的病毒灭活，这些研究可能会产生假阴性结果。重要性病毒气溶胶在呼吸道疾病自然传播中的重要性一直是一个有争议的问题，主要是因为使用目前可用的空气采样装置难以收集或采样病毒气溶胶。我们测试了一种新的空气采样器的基础上，水蒸气冷凝有效采样可行的空气中的呼吸道病毒在学生保健中心作为一个真实的世界环境的模型。新的采样器在收集天然病毒气溶胶和保持病毒活力方面优于行业标准设备（SKC BioSampler）。使用VIVAS的这些结果表明，呼吸道病毒气溶胶更普遍，可能造成比以前认为的更大的吸入生物危害。因此，VIVAS似乎是一种有用的仪器，用于与检测空气中的活病毒相关的微生物空气质量测试。
The dynamics and significance of aerosol transmission of respiratory viruses are still controversial, for the major reasons that virus aerosols are inefficiently collected by commonly used air samplers and that the collected viruses are inactivated by the collection method. Without knowledge of virus viability, infection risk analyses lack accuracy. This pilot study was performed to (i) determine whether infectious (viable) respiratory viruses in aerosols could be collected from air in a real world environment by the viable virus aerosol sampler (VIVAS), (ii) compare and contrast the efficacy of the standard bioaerosol sampler, the BioSampler, with that of the VIVAS for the collection of airborne viruses in a real world environment, and (iii) gain insights for the use of the VIVAS for respiratory virus sampling. The VIVAS operates via a water vapor condensation process to enlarge aerosolized virus particles to facilitate their capture. A variety of viable human respiratory viruses, including influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 viruses and influenza B viruses, were collected by the VIVAS located at least 2 m from seated patients, during a late-onset 2016 influenza virus outbreak. Whereas the BioSampler when operated following our optimized parameters also collected virus aerosols, it was nevertheless overall less successful based on a lower frequency of virus isolation in most cases. This side-by-side comparison highlights some limitations of past studies based on impingement-based sampling, which may have generated false-negative results due to either poor collection efficiency and/or virus inactivation due to the collection process.IMPORTANCE The significance of virus aerosols in the natural transmission of respiratory diseases has been a contentious issue, primarily because it is difficult to collect or sample virus aerosols using currently available air sampling devices. We tested a new air sampler based on water vapor condensation for efficient sampling of viable airborne respiratory viruses in a student health care center as a model of a real world environment. The new sampler outperformed the industry standard device (the SKC BioSampler) in the collection of natural virus aerosols and in maintaining virus viability. These results using the VIVAS indicate that respiratory virus aerosols are more prevalent and potentially pose a greater inhalation biohazard than previously thought. The VIVAS thus appears to be a useful apparatus for microbiology air quality tests related to the detection of viable airborne viruses.