Divergent and Convergent Evolution of Fungal Pathogenicity.
Divergent and Convergent Evolution of Fungal Pathogenicity.
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真菌致病性的发散与趋同进化
DOI：
10.1093/gbe/evw082
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发表时间：
2016-05-12
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Wang C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shang Y;Xiao G;Zheng P;Cen K;Zhan S;Wang C
植物和动物的真菌病原体具有多种多样的作用;它们对农业造成毁灭性的破坏，导致危及人类生命的疾病，或通过减少昆虫害虫种群而产生有益的影响。在不同的真菌病原体中已经确定了许多毒力因子，然而，有助于真菌宿主选择和适应的分子决定因素在很大程度上是未知的。在这项研究中，我们对7种子囊菌昆虫病原体的基因组进行了测序，并对感染昆虫（12种）、植物（12种）和人类（9种）的33种丝状子囊菌病原真菌进行了全基因组分析。我们的研究结果表明，植物病原体的基因组编码的蛋白质和蛋白质家族比昆虫和人类病原体。出乎意料的是，昆虫和植物病原体之间比两种动物组病原体之间共享更常见的正向蛋白质组。我们还发现，适应宿主的真菌的致病性进化多次，并在病原体-宿主共同物种形成过程中发生的发散和收敛的进化，从而导致蛋白质家族具有相似的功能，在每个真菌组。然而，由于共同祖先的影响，不能排除系统发育相关性对蛋白质家族进化和致病型形成的作用。进化相关性分析导致不同的蛋白质家族，与替代的病理类型的鉴定。特别是，在植物和动物病原体中鉴定的效应子样蛋白与真菌宿主适应性密切相关，这表明在真菌-动物相互作用中存在类似的基因对基因关系，这在以前还没有建立。这些结果很好地推进了我们对真菌致病性的进化以及导致真菌致病型形成的因素的理解。
Fungal pathogens of plants and animals have multifarious effects; they cause devastating damages to agricultures, lead to life-threatening diseases in humans, or induce beneficial effects by reducing insect pest populations. Many virulence factors have been determined in different fungal pathogens; however, the molecular determinants contributing to fungal host selection and adaptation are largely unknown. In this study, we sequenced the genomes of seven ascomycete insect pathogens and performed the genome-wide analyses of 33 species of filamentous ascomycete pathogenic fungi that infect insects (12 species), plants (12), and humans (9). Our results revealed that the genomes of plant pathogens encode more proteins and protein families than the insect and human pathogens. Unexpectedly, more common orthologous protein groups are shared between the insect and plant pathogens than between the two animal group pathogens. We also found that the pathogenicity of host-adapted fungi evolved multiple times, and that both divergent and convergent evolutions occurred during pathogen–host cospeciation thus resulting in protein families with similar features in each fungal group. However, the role of phylogenetic relatedness on the evolution of protein families and therefore pathotype formation could not be ruled out due to the effect of common ancestry. The evolutionary correlation analyses led to the identification of different protein families that correlated with alternate pathotypes. Particularly, the effector-like proteins identified in plant and animal pathogens were strongly linked to fungal host adaptation, suggesting the existence of similar gene-for-gene relationships in fungus–animal interactions that has not been established before. These results well advance our understanding of the evolution of fungal pathogenicity and the factors that contribute to fungal pathotype formation.