Leaky Gut and Mycotoxins: Aflatoxin B1 Does Not Increase Gut Permeability in Broiler Chickens.
Leaky Gut and Mycotoxins: Aflatoxin B1 Does Not Increase Gut Permeability in Broiler Chickens.
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DOI：
10.3389/fvets.2016.00010
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Tellez G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Galarza-Seeber R;Latorre JD;Bielke LR;Kuttappan VA;Wolfenden AD;Hernandez-Velasco X;Merino-Guzman R;Vicente JL;Donoghue A;Cross D;Hargis BM;Tellez G
我们实验室之前的研究表明，饮食成分或饲料限制会对肠道屏障功能产生不利影响，导致肠道炎症相关通透性增加。本试验在肉鸡身上进行了3种黄曲霉毒素B1 （AFB1; 2、1.5和1 ppm）浓度对胃肠道渗漏和肝脏细菌易位（BT）的影响。试验1240只孵化日龄雄性肉仔鸡，随机分为2组，每组6个重复，每组20只鸡（n = 120/组）：采用对照饲料或饲料+ 2 ppm AFB1。试验2，选取240只孵化日龄肉鸡公鸡，随机分为3组，每组5个重复，每组16只鸡（n = 80/组）：对照饲料；饲料+ 1ppm AFB1；或饲料+ 1.5 ppm AFB1。在两个试验中，每隔一周分别饲喂前料（第1-7天）和生长料（第8-21天），并对性能参数进行评估。第21天，所有雏鸡在采血前2.5 h灌胃FITC-d (4.16 mg/kg)，评估FITC-d胃肠道渗漏情况。在实验2中，还进行了血液学分析。无菌收集肝脏切片，用TSA板进行培养，测定BT。收集盲肠内容物，通过选择性培养基上的培养，测定每克革兰氏阴性菌、乳酸菌（LAB）或厌氧菌的总菌落形成单位。实验2取肝、脾、法氏囊测定脏器重量比，取肠道标本进行形态计量学分析。在两个实验中，对照组和AFB1组的生产性能参数、器官重量比和形态计量学测量值均有显著差异。三种AFB1浓度对FITC-d肠漏均无影响（P < 0.05）。有趣的是，在接受2 ppm和1 ppm AFB1的鸡中观察到BT的显著减少。与对照和1 ppm AFB1相比，2和1.5 ppm AFB1组的总需氧菌数、革兰氏阴性菌数和总LAB数均显著增加（P < 0.05）。暴露于霉菌毒素后，肠道上皮屏障的完整性未受到损害。
Previous studies conducted in our laboratory have demonstrated that intestinal barrier function can be adversely affected by diet ingredients or feed restriction, resulting in increased intestinal inflammation-associated permeability. Two experiments were conducted in broilers to evaluate the effect of three concentrations of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1; 2, 1.5, or 1 ppm) on gastrointestinal leakage and liver bacterial translocation (BT). In experiment 1, 240 day-of-hatch male broilers were allocated in two groups, each group had six replicates of 20 chickens (n = 120/group): Control feed or feed + 2 ppm AFB1. In experiment 2, 240 day-of-hatch male broilers were allocated in three groups, each group had five replicates of 16 chickens (n = 80/group): Control feed; feed + 1 ppm AFB1; or feed + 1.5 ppm AFB1. In both experiments, chickens were fed starter (days 1–7) and grower diets (days 8–21) ad libitum and performance parameters were evaluated every week. At day 21, all chicks received an oral gavage dose of FITC-d (4.16 mg/kg) 2.5 h before collecting blood samples to evaluate gastrointestinal leakage of FITC-d. In experiment 2, a hematologic analysis was also performed. Liver sections were aseptically collected and cultured using TSA plates to determine BT. Cecal contents were collected to determine total colony-forming units per gram of Gram-negative bacteria, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), or anaerobes by plating on selective media. In experiment 2, liver, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius were removed to determine organ weight ratio, and also intestinal samples were obtained for morphometric analysis. Performance parameters, organ weight ratio, and morphometric measurements were significantly different between Control and AFB1 groups in both experiments. Gut leakage of FITC-d was not affected by the three concentrations of AFB1 evaluated (P > 0.05). Interestingly, a significant reduction in BT was observed in chickens that received 2 and 1 ppm AFB1. An increase (P < 0.05) in total aerobic bacteria, total Gram negatives, and total LAB were observed in chickens fed with 2 and 1.5 ppm of AFB1 when compared with Control and 1 ppm chickens. The integrity of gut epithelial barrier was not compromised after exposure to the mycotoxin.