Review of microbiological and biochemical effects of skatole on animal production
Review of microbiological and biochemical effects of skatole on animal production
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DOI：
10.1016/s0301-6226(01)00189-0
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发表时间：
2001-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Houde, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deslandes, B;Gariépy, C;Houde, A
粪臭素是一种由细菌降解色氨酸形成的化合物，对牛肉和猪肉工业有有害的影响。粪臭菌引起牛的急性肺水肿和肺气肿（ABPE），并对猪的公猪污染负责。许多反刍动物易患ABPE。肺气肿一种疾病，其中臭鼬素作为一种非常有选择性的肺毒素，导致某些肺组织退化粪石穿过瘤胃。被吸收到血液中，然后被MFO（混合功能氧化酶）系统或PHS（前列腺素H合成酶）系统的细胞色素p450生物激活，形成有毒中间体。粪臭素也影响血清素的产生，在高浓度时，可以溶血牛红细胞。猪不受臭鼬病的折磨，但烹饪时猪肉散发出的臭味（猪臭）令消费者反感。粪臭素在肠道中通过细菌降解产生并被血液吸收。如果它通过肝脏而没有被代谢，它就会在脂肪组织、肝脏和肾脏中积累。已知有几个因素会影响脂肪中的粪臭素沉积速率，但最重要的一个因素被认为是遗传因素。粪臭素对许多微生物也是有毒的。它具有相当广泛的抑菌作用，对瘤胃纤毛原虫和四膜虫有毒性。色氨酸发酵可产生多种化合物，包括吲哚、吲哚乙酸和3-甲基吲哚（skatole），并可能受到化学因素和宿主生理心理状态的影响。产生粪臭素的细菌是乳酸菌11201菌株。它不是致病性的，是正常肠道菌群的组成部分。粪臭素的产生不是这种菌株的本构功能。负责粪臭素形成的酶不被认为是细胞质的：它可能与细胞壁结合，作为聚集酶或颗粒酶存在。粪臭素是负责其形成的酶的非竞争性抑制剂。copyright (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.版权所有
Skatole, a compound formed by the bacterial degradation of tryptophan, has harmful consequences for the beef and pork industries. Skatole causes acute bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema (ABPE) in cattle and is responsible for boar taint in pigs. Many ruminants are susceptible to ABPE. a disease in which skatole acts as a very selective pneumotoxin that causes the degeneration of certain lung tissues. Skatole passes through the rumen. is absorbed into the blood, and is then bioactivated by cytochrome p450s of the MFO (mixed-function oxidase) system or the PHS (prostaglandin H synthetase) system to form a toxic intermediate. Skatole also affects the production of serotonin and, in high concentrations, can hemolyze bovine erythrocytes. Pigs are not afflicted by skatole, but the off-odor (boar taint) given off by their meat on cooking is offensive to consumers. Skatole is produced in the intestine by bacterial degradation and absorbed into the blood. If it passes through the liver without being metabolized, it accumulates in adipose tissue, the liver and the kidneys. Several factors are known to influence skatole deposition rates in fat, but one of the most important is believed to be genetic. Skatole is also toxic to many microorganisms. It has a fairly broad bacteriostatic effect and is toxic to rumen ciliated protozoa and to Tetrahymena. The fermentation of tryptophan may produce various compounds, including indole, indoleacetic acid and 3-methylindole (skatole), and may be influenced by chemical factors and the physiological and psychological status of the host. The bacterium responsible for the production of skatole is Lactobacillus sp. strain 11201. It is not pathogenic and is an integral part of the normal intestinal flora. Skatole production is not a constitutive function of this bacterial strain. The enzyme responsible for skatole formation is not thought to be cytosolic:, it may be bound to the cell wall, exist as an aggregate enzyme or be a particulate enzyme. Skatole acts as a non-competitive inhibitor of the enzyme responsible for its formation. Crown copyright (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.