Water quality monitoring in the Xochimilco peri-urban wetland: experiences engaging in citizen science
Water quality monitoring in the Xochimilco peri-urban wetland: experiences engaging in citizen science
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霍奇米尔科城郊湿地的水质监测：参与公民科学的经验
DOI：
10.1086/703395
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Julio Diaz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Patricia Pérez;Jannice Alvarado;N. Vázquez;E. Rodriguez;E. Valiente;Julio Diaz
环境监测方面的公民科学计划通过提高科学家收集信息的能力，为科学家带来惠益。公民科学家的监测也使参与的公民受益，因为他们对生态系统的好处以及人类活动影响生态系统的方式有了更深入的了解和理解。这项研究详细介绍了当地一个非政府组织（生态与发展组织A. C.），与地球观察研究所和香港上海汇丰银行的水资源项目合作，监测霍奇米尔科城市周边湿地的水质，该湿地受到城市化加速的威胁。霍奇米尔科湿地包括农业区，其中被称为chinampas的高床被运河和小湖包围。这些奇南帕已经被管理了几百年。运河中的水主要用于农业灌溉，但也是各种水生物种的栖息地。在这项研究中，我们分析了7个运河和1个湖泊位于地区的Chinampas有不同的用途，如住房，旅游，半集约农业，农业生态农业，废弃的农业用地的水质。这些地点的水样由公民科学家在4年的时间里收集。我们的目标是确定水质如何在不同地区的管理差异和旱季和雨季之间变化。我们发现显着差异的pH值，温度，溶解氧，大肠杆菌，和电导率季节之间。我们希望在靠近Chinampas低影响活动（如农业生态农业或没有人类活动的Chinampas）的运河中找到适合灌溉的水质（基于国家和国际准则）。相反，我们发现这些运河中的水超过了pH值（>9），总大肠菌群（>240 CFU/ 100 mL），电导率（>2000 μS/cm）和溶解氧浓度（<6.5 mg/L）的建议。然而，营养物浓度很低。农业生态农业区附近的渠道结构狭窄，浅，流量小，因此这些渠道的深度和宽度的变化可能会导致水质改善。唯一一个符合大多数国际和国家灌溉使用准则的取样点位于一个有许多废弃的Chinampas的地区。参与这项研究的志愿者获得了关于意识到人类活动对生态系统影响的重要性的见解，如霍奇米尔科湿地，由于其农业，生态和文化意义，保护湿地非常重要。
Citizen science schemes for environmental monitoring generate benefits for scientists by increasing the capacity of scientists to gather information. Citizen scientist monitoring also benefits the citizens involved because they acquire a deeper knowledge and understanding of the benefits of ecosystems and the ways that anthropogenic activities affect them. This study details the efforts of a local non-government organization (Restauración Ecológica y Desarrollo A. C.), the Earthwatch Institute, and the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation’s Water Program to monitor the water quality in the Xochimilco peri-urban wetland, which is threatened by accelerated urbanization. The Xochimilco wetland includes agricultural areas in which raised beds called chinampas are surrounded by canals and small lakes. These chinampas have been managed for hundreds of years. The water in the canals is mainly used for agricultural irrigation, but it is also the habitat of a variety of aquatic species. In this study, we analyze the water quality of 7 canals and 1 lake located in areas with chinampas that have different uses such as housing, tourism, semi-intensive agriculture, agroecological farming, and abandoned agricultural land. Water samples from these sites were collected by citizen scientists over the course of 4 y. Our aim was to determine how the water quality varies across areas with management differences and between dry and rainy seasons. We found significant differences in pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, Escherichia coli, and conductivity between seasons. We expected to find suitable water quality for irrigation (based on national and international guidelines) in canals near low-impact activities in the chinampas (such as agroecological farming or chinampas without human activities). Instead, we found that the water in those canals exceeded the recommendations for pH values (>9), total coliforms (>240 CFU/ 100 mL), conductivity (>2000 μS/cm), and dissolved oxygen concentrations (<6.5 mg/L). However, nutrient concentrations were low. The structure of the canals near agroecological farming areas are narrow, shallow, and have low water flow, so alterations in the depth and width of these canals might result in improved water quality. The only sampling site that met most of the international and national guidelines for irrigation use was located in an area with many abandoned chinampas. Volunteers that participated in this study gained insights regarding the importance of being aware of anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems like the Xochimilco wetland, a place that is important to preserve because of its agricultural, ecological, and cultural significance.