Exercise, Mood, Self-Efficacy, and Social Support as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: Direct and Interaction Effects
Exercise, Mood, Self-Efficacy, and Social Support as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: Direct and Interaction Effects
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02145
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发表时间：
2019-09-19
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Gomez, Rapson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller, Kyle J.;Mesagno, Christopher;Gomez, Rapson
背景：抑郁症是一种慢性疾病，影响高达15%的老年人。定期锻炼的健康效应已经得到了很好的证实，但仍不清楚哪些与锻炼相关的变量影响了锻炼的抗抑郁作用。因此，本研究的目的是检查在何种程度上运动相关的变量（运动行为，运动引起的情绪，运动自我效能感，社会支持）可以预测抑郁症状在一个队列的社区居住的老年adults.Methods：本研究采用了一个横断面分析的问卷数据从一个样本的586社区居住的老年澳大利亚人，年龄在65至96岁。参与者完成了流行病学研究中心抑郁量表，修改后的CHAMPS老年人体力活动问卷，四维情绪量表，运动自我效能量表和社会规定量表-简表。结果：运动行为、运动情绪、运动自我效能感、社会支持与抑郁症状呈负相关（r = -0.20 ~-0.56）。当变量作为预测因子进入分层多元回归模型时，社会支持是抑郁症状的最强预测因子（β = -0.42），其次是运动诱导的情绪（β = -0.23）和运动自我效能（β = -0.07）。运动行为不能解释抑郁症状的任何额外变化。一个温和的互动效果之间也观察到运动引起的情绪和社会support.Conclusion：这些研究结果表明，社会支持是最强的预测抑郁症的社区居住的老年人，特别是当结合积极的运动引起的情绪状态。在解决老年人抑郁症风险的需求时，医疗保健专业人员应考虑实施可能通过改善情绪，增强自我效能和建立社会支持而使老年人受益的运动计划。
Background: Depression is a chronic condition that affects up to 15% of older adults. The healthogenic effects of regular exercise are well established, but it is still unclear which exercise-related variables characterise the antidepressant effects of exercise. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which exercise-related variables (exercise behaviour, exercise-induced mood, exercise self-efficacy, and social support) can predict depressive symptoms in a cohort of community-dwelling older adults.Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional analysis of questionnaire data from a sample of 586 community-dwelling older Australians aged 65 to 96 years old. Participants completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, modified CHAMPS Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Adults, Four-Dimension Mood Scale, Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale, and Social Provisions Scale - Short Form. Bivariate correlations were performed, and hierarchical multiple regression was subsequently used to test the regression model.Results: Exercise behaviour, exercise-induced mood, exercise self-efficacy, and social support were all negatively associated with depressive symptoms (r = -0.20 to -0.56). When the variables were entered as predictors into the hierarchical multiple regression model, social support was the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms (beta = -0.42), followed by exercise-induced mood (beta = -0.23), and exercise self-efficacy (beta = -0.07). Exercise behaviour did not explain any additional variance in depressive symptoms. A modest interaction effect was also observed between exercise-induced mood and social support.Conclusion: These findings indicate that social support is the strongest predictor of depressive symptomology in community-dwelling older adults, particularly when combined with positive exercise-induced mood states. When addressing the needs of older adults at risk of depression, healthcare professionals should consider the implementation of exercise programmes that are likely to benefit older adults by improving mood, enhancing self-efficacy, and building social support.