The Cyclotron: A Nuclear Transformer1
The Cyclotron: A Nuclear Transformer1
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回旋加速器：核变压器1
DOI：
10.1148/39.5.513
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发表时间：
1942
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Aebersold
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Aebersold
尽管回旋加速器通常被称为“原子粉碎机”，但从更科学的角度来说，它是“核变压器”，因为它处理的不是原子本身，而是一万倍的原子核，它不是完全粉碎它们，而是将它们转变为新的形式。原子结构 为了理解“原子粉碎”或原子核的人造转变所涉及的作用，我们首先需要将原子描绘成一个整体，然后放大它的微小中心，即原子核。原子可以被认为是一个无限小的太阳系，如图 1.2 所示。 虽然太阳系的直径大约比人的高度大十亿倍，但原子的直径大约只有人的十万分之一。或者粗略地说，人类的大小介于太阳系和原子之间。原子是如此之小，以至于在一立方厘米的空气中，我们认为空气非常稀薄，有一...
Although the cyclotron is popularly known as an “atom smasher,” it is in more scientific terms a “nuclear transformer,” for it deals not as much with the atoms themselves as with the ten thousand times smaller nuclei of the atoms, and instead of smashing them completely it transforms them into new forms. Atomic Structure To appreciate the action involved in “atom smashing,” or man-made transformations of nuclei, we need first to picture the atom as a whole and then to enlarge upon its tiny center, the nucleus. An atom may be conceived as being an infinitesimally small solar system, as shown schematically in Figure 1.2 While the diameter of the solar system is about one hundred thousand million times greater than the height of a man, that of an atom is only about one one hundred thousand millionth as large as a man. Or roughly, man is mid-way in the scale of size between the solar system and an atom. The atom is so small that in one cubic centimeter of air, which we consider as being quite tenuous, there a...