The impact of ecological conditions on the prevalence of malaria among orangutans.
The impact of ecological conditions on the prevalence of malaria among orangutans.
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生态条件对猩猩疟疾流行的影响。
DOI：
10.1089/153036602321131896
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Spielman,Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wolfe,NathanD;Karesh,WilliamB;Kilbourn,AnnelisaM;Cox-Singh,Janet;Bosi,EdwinJ;Rahman,HasanA;Prosser,AdriaTassy;Singh,Balbir;Andau,Mahedi;Spielman,Andrew
当代人类的土地利用模式导致了猩猩生态的变化，例如栖息地的丧失。对猩猩栖息地丧失的一种管理对策是将猩猩重新安置到完好无损的受保护栖息地。幼小的猩猩也被当作宠物饲养，有时在非法宠物交易中是一种有价值的商品。针对这种情况，政府当局已采取执法行动，将这些动物从私人手中带走，并试图恢复和释放这些猩猩。在重新安置自由活动的猩猩时，这些动物通常被隔离或与家人在一起48小时后被释放，但在康复过程中，猩猩经常会在圈养和半捕获的群体环境中呆上一段时间。圈养/半捕获种群比野生种群拥有更高的猩猩密度，而且在其他可能影响传染病易感性的方面存在差异。为了确定这些生态环境对疟疾的影响，在Sepilok猩猩康复中心的康复项目中，比较了31只圈养和半适应的猩猩和43只在易位项目中被转移的野生猩猩的疟疾发病率。通过血液涂片和疟疾属特异性套式聚合酶链式反应确定的疟疾寄生虫在圈养/半捕获种群中的流行率(29/31)高于在野生种群中的流行率(5/43)，即使考虑到年龄偏见。这种差异是在与圈养/半捕获环境中猩猩管理相关的种群变化的背景下讨论的，特别是猩猩种群密度增加50倍。这些结果为生态变化如何影响病原体流行提供了一个例子。
Contemporary human land use patterns have led to changes in orangutan ecology, such as the loss of habitat. One management response to orangutan habitat loss is to relocate orangutans into regions of intact, protected habitat. Young orangutans are also kept as pets and have at times been a valuable commodity in the illegal pet trade. In response to this situation, government authorities have taken law enforcement action by removing these animals from private hands and attempted to rehabilitate and release these orangutans. In relocating free-ranging orangutans, the animals are typically held isolated or with family members for <48 h and released, but during the course of rehabilitation, orangutans often spend some time in captive and semicaptive group settings. Captive/semicaptive groups have a higher density of orangutans than wild populations, and differ in other ways that may influence susceptibility to infectious disease. In order to determine the impact of these ecological settings on malaria, the prevalence of malaria was compared between 31 captive and semicaptive orangutans in a rehabilitation program at the Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre and 43 wild orangutans being moved in a translocation project. The prevalence of malaria parasites, as determined by blood smear andPlasmodiumgenus-specific nested-polymerase chain reaction, was greater in the captive/semicaptive population (29 of 31) than in the wild population (5 of 43) even when accounting for age bias. This discrepancy is discussed in the context of population changes associated with the management of orangutans in captive/semicaptive setting, in particular a 50-fold increase in orangutan population density. The results provide an example of how an ecological change can influence pathogen prevalence.