Quantum random number generators
Quantum random number generators
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DOI：
10.1103/revmodphys.89.015004
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发表时间：
2017-02-22
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
Carlos Garcia-Escartin, Juan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herrero-Collantes, Miguel;Carlos Garcia-Escartin, Juan
随机数是科学和工程中的基本资源，在模拟和密码学中有重要应用。量子力学核心的内在随机性使量子系统成为熵的完美来源。量子随机数产生是目前最成熟的量子技术之一，有多种产生方法。这篇综述讨论了量子随机数产生的不同技术，从早期的基于放射性衰变的设备到使用光的量子态从量子起源收集熵的多种方法。随机性提取和放大以及使用设备无关生成协议生成可信随机数的可能性也被讨论。
Random numbers are a fundamental resource in science and engineering with important applications in simulation and cryptography. The inherent randomness at the core of quantum mechanics makes quantum systems a perfect source of entropy. Quantum random number generation is one of the most mature quantum technologies with many alternative generation methods. This review discusses the different technologies in quantum random number generation from the early devices based on radioactive decay to the multiple ways to use the quantum states of light to gather entropy from a quantum origin. Randomness extraction and amplification and the notable possibility of generating trusted random numbers even with untrusted hardware using device- independent generation protocols are also discussed.