Candida albicans Biofilms and Human Disease.
Candida albicans Biofilms and Human Disease.
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白色念珠菌生物膜和人类疾病。
DOI：
10.1146/annurev-micro-091014-104330
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
10.5
通讯作者：
Johnson AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nobile CJ;Johnson AD
在人类中，微生物细胞(包括细菌、古生菌和真菌)的数量远远超过宿主细胞。白色念珠菌是人类微生物区系中最常见的真菌物种；该物种无症状地定植于身体的许多部位，特别是健康人的胃肠道和泌尿生殖道。宿主免疫、应激、栖息地微生物区系和其他因素的改变可导致白色念珠菌过度生长，导致从浅表粘膜到血源性播散性念珠菌病的广泛感染。到目前为止，对白色念珠菌的大多数研究都是在悬浮培养中进行的；然而，白色念珠菌(像许多其他微生物一样)的医疗影响取决于它作为生物膜生长的能力，生物膜是一个紧密堆积的细胞群落。生物膜因在植入的医疗设备上形成而臭名昭著，这些设备包括导管、起搏器、假牙和假肢关节，这些设备为生物膜的生长提供了表面和避难所。白念珠菌生物被膜对传统的抗真菌药物、宿主免疫系统和其他环境扰动具有内在的抵抗力，这使得生物被膜感染成为一个重大的临床挑战。在这里，我们回顾了我们目前对白色念珠菌和密切相关的真菌物种形成的生物膜的了解。
In humans, microbial cells (including bacteria, archaea, and fungi) greatly outnumber host cells. Candida albicans is the most prevalent fungal species of the human microbiota; this species asymptomatically colonizes many areas of the body, particularly the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of healthy individuals. Alterations in host immunity, stress, resident microbiota, and other factors can lead to C. albicans overgrowth, causing a wide range of infections, from superficial mucosal to hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. To date, most studies of C. albicans have been carried out in suspension cultures; however, the medical impact of C. albicans (like that of many other microorganisms) depends on its ability to thrive as a biofilm, a closely packed community of cells. Biofilms are notorious for forming on implanted medical devices, including catheters, pacemakers, dentures, and prosthetic joints, which provide a surface and sanctuary for biofilm growth. C. albicans biofilms are intrinsically resistant to conventional antifungal therapeutics, the host immune system, and other environmental perturbations, making biofilm-based infections a significant clinical challenge. Here, we review our current knowledge of biofilms formed by C. albicans and closely related fungal species.