The influence of multiple functional demands on morphological diversification: A test on turtle shells
The influence of multiple functional demands on morphological diversification: A test on turtle shells
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多种功能需求对形态多样化的影响：对龟壳的测试
DOI：
10.1111/evo.13561
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Nicole M. Nisivoccia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. T. Stayton;Lauren F. O'Connor;Nicole M. Nisivoccia
机体各部分通常参与多种功能的执行。权衡在影响这些部分的表型进化中的作用得到了很好的研究；它们在影响表型多样性方面的作用尚不清楚。一个部件所涉及的功能数量的增加可能会抑制随后的多样化，因为权衡的数量增加了。另外，这种增加可能通过增加适应性景观复杂性和促进不同角色的专业化来促进表型多样化。我们通过测试水生海龟壳是否在表型多样性上与陆地物种不同来比较这些预测，水生海龟壳具有抵抗载荷、充当水动力元素、促进自我矫正和与环境交换热量的功能，而陆地物种的所有功能都是相同的，除了水动力。我们对274种硬壳龟的2722个标本进行了53个3D标记，量化了壳的形状变化，并提出了一套系统发育假设来检验进化模式。陆龟的表型多样性始终高于水生物种。这两种人的差异并不在于进化速度的不同，而在于进化模式的不同。因此，这项研究支持了多种功能在决定表型多样性中的作用的传统观点。
Organismal parts are often involved in the performance of more than one function. The role of trade‐offs in influencing phenotypic evolution of such parts is well‐studied; less well‐understood is their role in influencing phenotypic diversity. Increases in the number of functions a part is involved in may inhibit subsequent diversification, as the number of trade‐offs increases. Alternately, such an increase might promote phenotypic diversification, by increasing adaptive landscape complexity and promoting specialization for different roles. We compare these predictions by testing whether aquatic turtle shells, which resist loads, act as hydrodynamic elements, facilitate self‐righting, and exchange heat with the environment, differ in phenotypic diversity from those of terrestrial species, which perform all the same functions except for hydrodynamics. We used 53 3D landmarks digitized on 2722 specimens of 274 hard‐shelled turtle species to quantify shell shape variation, and a set of phylogenetic hypotheses to examine evolutionary patterns. Terrestrial turtles consistently had higher phenotypic diversity than aquatic species. Differences are not due to differences in the rates of evolution between the two groups, but rather differences in evolutionary mode. Thus this study supports the traditional view of the role of multiple functions in determining phenotypic diversity.