Fitting the Task to the Human: A Textbook of Occupational Ergonomics, 5th edn. By K. H. E. Kroemer and E. Grandjean. (Pp x+416; illustrated; £16.95 paperback; ISBN 0 7484 0665 4.) London: Taylor & Francis. 1997.
Fitting the Task to the Human: A Textbook of Occupational Ergonomics, 5th edn. By K. H. E. Kroemer and E. Grandjean. (Pp x+416; illustrated; £16.95 paperback; ISBN 0 7484 0665 4.) London: Taylor & Francis. 1997.
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《适合人类的任务：职业人体工程学教科书》，第 5 版，作者：K. H. E. Kroemer 和 E. Grandjean。（第 x+416 页；插图；平装本 16.95 英镑；ISBN 0 7484 0665 4）伦敦：Taylor & Francis 1997。 。
DOI：
10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.192304733.x
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
D. Grieve
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Grieve
The lancelets, marine cephalochordates (more commonly, if incorrectly, known as ‘amphioxus’) are well known to all young biologists from their simplest textbooks and earliest practical classes, because of their perceived crucial position in relation to the evolutionary origins of the vertebrates. The similarities are clear but the true nature of their relationship between the invertebrates and the vertebrates is still a subject of discussion and of disagreement among comparative anatomists. Was it ever thus! In 1774, Pallas mentioned a lancelet for the first time in his natural history, defining it as a mollusc. It took 60 years for this assignation to be reversed, and the critical position of the cephalochordates in relation to the origins of vertebrates to be recognised. Thus in the 1860s, at precisely the same time that the study of evolutionary origins was becoming respectable, lancelet biology was coming of age. Unfortunately it was also a period when great taxonomical debates were de riguer, and since few of the studies, which made great claims for a smooth evolutionary pathway, actually demonstrated such unequivocal findings, the literature of the day provided a basis for great confusion and often considerable asperity.Lancelets were originally linked to the vertebrates because of their segmented musculature, surrounding a notochord, and they have often been erroneously described as fishes. They do, however, have very major differences, not least of which are their lack of many of the features common to all vertebrate brains and their lack of paired external receptors. The confused status of most of the data on comparative anatomy, biochemistry and taxonomy of the group has therefore been a problem for evolutionary theory and also for the comparative biologist. It is only now as a result of the powerful techniques available to us with the development of gene cloning and PCR technology that we can hope to define the true nature of the relationship of lancelets to our vertebrate evolutionary ancestry. Before such aspirations can be achieved, however, the current level of our understanding has to be defined so that results of the powerful new analytical tools can be placed in context.
