Psychiatric brain banking: three perspectives on current trends and future directions.
Psychiatric brain banking: three perspectives on current trends and future directions.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.05.025
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发表时间：
2011-01-15
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Hyde, Thomas M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deep-Soboslay, Amy;Benes, Francine M.;Haroutunian, Vahram;Ellis, Justin K.;Kleinman, Joel E.;Hyde, Thomas M.
对死后人脑组织的研究是推进精神疾病神经生物学研究的核心，特别是对脑特异性亚型和分子的研究。国家的最先进的方法和建议，为维持一个成功的大脑银行精神疾病进行了讨论，使用的观点从三个大脑的集合，美国国家精神卫生研究所脑收集（NIMH），哈佛脑组织资源中心（HBTRC），和山的收敛。西奈医学院脑库（MSSM-BB），具有不同的研究兴趣和不同的组织获取方法。虽然NIMH从医学检查员那里获得捐赠，并特别强调临床诊断，毒理学和建立寿命控制队列，但HBTRC被独特地设计为一个储存库，其唯一目的是收集大体积，高质量的脑组织。并强调其数据库在向世界各地的研究团体传播组织和相关数据方面的可访问性。MSSM-BB收集表明，有奉献精神，前瞻性招募是一种成功的组织捐赠方法，并特别强调通过与捐赠者的死前接触进行严格的临床诊断。MSSM-BB非常重视用于神经解剖学研究的体视学组织取样方法，以及能够进行多种评估（RNA、DNA、蛋白质、酶活性、结合等）的冷冻组织取样方法。相同的组织块。有前途的科学方法，阐明大脑中的分子和细胞途径，可能有助于精神分裂症和/或双相情感障碍，如细胞培养技术和基于微阵列的基因表达和基因分型研究进行了简要讨论。尽管三个已建立的脑库有独特的观点，但有一个共识，即（1）组织采集的不同策略，（2）组织和诊断特征的严格性，（3）样本可及性的重要性，以及（4）不断应用创新的科学方法来研究脑组织，这些都是精神病脑库成功和未来的组成部分。神经精神病学研究的未来取决于从大量受试者（包括非精神病学对照）中获得高质量脑标本的可用性。
The study of postmortem human brain tissue is central to the advancement of the neurobiological studies of psychiatric illness, particularly for the study of brain-specific isoforms and molecules. The state-of-the-art methods and recommendations for maintaining a successful brain bank for psychiatric disorders are discussed, using the convergence of viewpoints from three brain collections, the National Institute of Mental Health Brain Collection (NIMH), the Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center (HBTRC), and the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine Brain Bank (MSSM-BB), with diverse research interests and divergent approaches to tissue acquisition. While the NIMH obtains donations from medical examiners for its collection, and places particular emphasis on clinical diagnosis, toxicology, and building lifespan control cohorts, the HBTRC is uniquely designed as a repository whose sole purpose is to collect large-volume, high quality brain tissue from community-based donors based on relationships across an expansive nationwide network, and places emphasis on the accessibility of its bank in disseminating tissue and related data to research groups worldwide. The MSSM-BB collection has shown that, with dedication, prospective recruitment is a successful approach to tissue donation, and places particular emphasis on rigorous clinical diagnosis through antemortem contact with donors. The MSSM-BB places great importance on stereological tissue sampling methods for neuroanatomical studies, and frozen tissue sampling approaches that enable multiple assessments (RNA, DNA, protein, enzyme activity, binding, etc.) of the same tissue block. Promising scientific approaches for elucidating the molecular and cellular pathways in brain that may contribute to schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder, such as cell culture techniques and microarray-based gene expression and genotyping studies are briefly discussed. Despite unique perspectives from three established brain collections, there is a consensus that (1) diverse strategies for tissue acquisition, (2) rigor in tissue and diagnostic characterization, (3) the importance of sample accessibility, and (4) continual application of innovative scientific approaches to the study of brain tissue are all integral to the success and future of psychiatric brain banking. The future of neuropsychiatric research depends upon in the availability of high quality brain specimens from large numbers of subjects, including non-psychiatric controls.
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