Anatomy and physiology of the enteric nervous system
Anatomy and physiology of the enteric nervous system
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DOI：
10.1136/gut.47.suppl_4.iv15
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发表时间：
2000-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
24.5
通讯作者：
Hennig, G. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Costa, M.;Brookes, S. J. H.;Hennig, G. W.
肠神经系统（ENS）是神经系统的准自主部分，并且包括控制运动功能、局部血流、粘膜运输和分泌以及调节免疫和内分泌功能的许多神经回路。虽然这些功能协同运作，并且在功能上相互关联，但单独考虑每个功能所涉及的神经回路是有用的。[1]这篇简短的总结将主要集中在涉及运动控制的神经回路上。2肠神经回路由肠神经元排列成肠神经节网络，肠神经节之间通过神经节间链相互连接。大多数参与运动功能的肠神经元位于肌间神经丛，一些初级传入神经元位于粘膜下神经丛。与参与感觉-运动控制的所有神经系统一样，ENS包括对化学和机械刺激敏感的初级动脉神经元、作用于不同eVector细胞的中间神经元和运动神经元，所述eVector细胞包括平滑肌、起搏细胞、血管、粘膜腺和上皮，以及参与免疫反应和内分泌及旁分泌功能的肠细胞的分布系统。消化道在因为它暴露于来自外部世界的各种各样的物理化学刺激，以摄入食物的形式。因此，肠道已经发展出丰富的肌肉器官协调运动的库，以确保在消化、吸收和排泄期间适当地混合和推进内容物。肠内容物的口-背口转运可以被认为是一种适应性运动的形式，其发生在广泛的空间和时间域上。3.肠的运动是神经器官和肌肉器官相互作用的结果。4
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a quasi autonomous part of the nervous system and includes a number of neural circuits that control motor functions, local blood flow, mucosal transport and secretions, and modulates immune and endocrine functions. Although these functions operate in concert and are functionally interlinked, it is useful to consider the neural circuits involved in each separately. 1 This short summary will concentrate mainly on the neural circuits involved in motor control. 2 The enteric neural circuits are composed of enteric neurones arranged in networks of enteric ganglia connected by interganglionic strands. Most enteric neurones involved in motor functions are located in the myenteric plexus with some primary aVerent neurones located in the submucous plexus. As in all nervous systems involved in sensory-motor control, the ENS comprises primary aVerent neurones, sensitive to chemical and mechanical stimuli, interneurones and motorneurones that act on the diVerent eVector cells including smooth muscle, pacemaker cells, blood vessels, mucosal glands, and epithelia, and the distributed system of intestinal cells involved in immune responses and endocrine and paracrine functions.The digestive tract is unique among internal organs because it is exposed to a large variety of physicochemical stimuli from the external world in the form of ingested food. As a consequence, the intestine has developed a rich repertoire of coordinated movements of its muscular apparatus to ensure the appropriate mixing and propulsion of contents during digestion, absorption, and excretion. The oro-aboral transit of the intestinal contents can be regarded as a form of adaptive locomotion that occurs over a wide range of spatial and temporal domains. 3 The movements of the intestine are the result of interaction of the neural apparatus and the muscular apparatus. 4