(Physio)logical circuits: The intellectual origins of the McCulloch-Pitts neural networks
(Physio)logical circuits: The intellectual origins of the McCulloch-Pitts neural networks
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DOI：
10.1002/jhbs.1094
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发表时间：
2002-12-01
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Abraham, TH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abraham, TH
本文探讨了促成神经精神病学家 Warren McCulloch 和数学家 Walter Pitts 在神经网络逻辑方面合作的知识和制度因素，这一合作最终在他们 1943 年出版的《神经活动中内在思想的逻辑演算》中达到顶峰。历史学家和科学家经常将麦卡洛克-皮茨的论文视为控制论历史上的里程碑事件，也是认知科学和人工智能发展的基础。本文旨在为麦卡洛克-皮茨合作本身带来一些历史背景，即他们的知识和科学方向和背景、对他们的论文做出贡献的关键概念，以及他们进行合作的机构背景。尽管麦卡洛克和皮茨相差几乎一代人，科学背景也不同，但他们有着相似的智力关注点，同时受到哲学、神经学和数学问题的推动。本文演示了这些问题如何在他们的神经网络模型中融合并产生共鸣。通过考察麦卡洛克和皮茨个人的知识背景，我们将发现这不仅是控制论历史上的一个重要事件。麦卡洛克-皮茨的合作是二十世纪初将数学应用于神经学现象的努力的重要成果。 (C) 2002 约翰·威利儿子公司
This article examines the intellectual and institutional factors that contributed to the collaboration of neuropsychiatrist Warren McCulloch and mathematician Walter Pitts on the logic of neural networks, which culminated in their 1943 publication, "A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity." Historians and scientists alike often refer to the McCulloch-Pitts paper as a landmark event in the history of cybernetics, and fundamental to the development of cognitive science and artificial intelligence. This article seeks to bring some historical context to the McCulloch-Pitts collaboration itself, namely, their intellectual and scientific orientations and backgrounds, the key concepts that contributed to their paper, and the institutional context in which their collaboration was made. Although they were almost a generation apart and had dissimilar scientific backgrounds, McCulloch and Pitts had similar intellectual concerns, simultaneously motivated by issues in philosophy, neurology, and mathematics. This article demonstrates how these issues converged and found resonance in their model of neural networks. By examining the intellectual backgrounds of McCulloch and Pitts as individuals, it will be shown that besides being an important event in the history of cybernetics proper. the McCulloch-Pitts collaboration was an important result of early twentieth-century efforts to apply mathematics to neurological phenomena. (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc.