Use of stable carbon isotope ratios to determine the source of cypermethrin in so-called natural plant extract formulations used for organic farming
Use of stable carbon isotope ratios to determine the source of cypermethrin in so-called natural plant extract formulations used for organic farming
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使用稳定碳同位素比来确定用于有机农业的所谓天然植物提取物配方中氯氰菊酯的来源
DOI：
10.1080/10256016.2016.1164697
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Takuro Kariya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hiroto Kawashima;Takuro Kariya
有机农业中使用的一些天然植物提取物制剂（NPEFs，也称为精油）已被证明含有合成农药。我们获得了四个NPEFs的样本（Muso，Hekiro，Kensogen-Ten，and Nurse绿色），并采用气相色谱法结合燃烧、低温聚焦和同位素比值质谱法测定了4个NPEF样品中氯氰菊酯的稳定碳同位素比值（δ 13 C），以及10种氯氰菊酯试剂和两种商业农药制剂（农用菊酯乳剂和农用菊酯水分散性粉剂）中。我们的目标是确定NPEFs中氯氰菊酯的来源。低温聚焦使氯氰菊酯的峰形明显变尖，提高了δ 13 C测定的准确度和精密度。16个氯氰菊酯样品的δ 13 C值（± SD）范围为− 28.3 ± 0.2 ‰至− 24.5 ± 0.2 ‰。 令人惊讶的是，四个NPEF显示出相似的δ 13 C值（− 26.8至− 27.3 ‰），这表明所有样品中的氯氰菊酯来自相同的来源（相同的化学反应或相同的主要材料）。 这种可能性得到了先前发表的结果的支持。此外，两种商业农药的δ 13 C值与NPEFs的值相似，表明商业农药已被稀释并作为NPEFs出售。
Some natural plant extract formulations (NPEFs, also referred to as essential oils) used in organic farming have been shown to contain synthetic pesticides. We obtained samples of four NPEFs (Muso, Hekiro, Kensogen-Ten, and Nurse Green) that were contaminated with the synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin, and we used gas chromatography coupled with combustion, cryofocusing, and isotope ratio mass spectrometry to determine the stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) for the cypermethrin in the four NPEF samples, as well as in ten cypermethrin reagents and two commercial pesticide formulations (Agrothrin emulsion and Agrothrin water-dispersible powder). Our goal was to identify the source of the cypermethrin in the NPEFs. Cryofocusing markedly sharpened the cypermethrin peak and thus improved the accuracy and precision of the determinedδ13C values. Theδ13C values (± SD) of the 16 cypermethrin samples ranged from −28.3 ± 0.2 to −24.5 ± 0.2 ‰. Surprisingly, the four NPEFs showed similarδ13C values (−26.8 to −27.3 ‰), suggesting that the cypermethrin in all the samples came from the same source (either the same chemical reaction or the same primary material). This possibility was supported by previously published results. In addition, theδ13C values of the two commercial pesticides were similar to the values for the NPEFs, suggesting that the commercial pesticides had been diluted and sold as NPEFs.