'Candidcatus Phytoplasma', a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects
'Candidcatus Phytoplasma', a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects
复制标题
DOI：
10.1099/ijs.0.02854-0
复制
发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Wang, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Firrao, G;Andersen, M;Wang, K
“植原体”这一俗称被用来统称寄生在植物韧皮部和昆虫上的无壁、非螺旋原核生物，这些生物以前被称为支原体样生物。尽管植原体尚未在体外培养，但基于各种保守基因的系统发育分析表明，它们代表软体动物纲中独特的单系进化枝。这里建议将植原体容纳在新属“Candidatus (Ca.) Phytoplasma”内。鉴于 'Ca. 内部的多样性。植原体需要几个亚类来容纳 16S rRNA 基因序列相似度 < 97-5% 的生物体。该报告描述了“Ca”的特性。植原体（Phytoplasma），一个包括“Ca”物种的分类单元。橙叶植原体（Phytoplasma aurantifolia）（与小果酸性石灰的巫婆扫帚病相关的原核生物），“Ca.澳大利亚植原体（Phytoplasma australiense）（与澳大利亚葡萄黄化有关），“Ca. Phytoplasma fraxini'（与灰黄相关），'Ca。 Phytoplasma japonicum'（与日本绣球花叶状相关），'Ca。巴西植原体（Phytoplasma brasiliense）（与巴西的芙蓉女巫扫帚有关），“Ca.栗植原体”（与韩国的栗子巫婆扫帚有关），“Ca.紫苑植原体（Phytoplasma asteris）（与紫苑黄相关），“Ca.马里植原体（Phytoplasma mali）（与苹果增殖有关），“Ca.菲尼克斯植原体（Phytoplasma phoenicium）（与杏仁致死病有关），“Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii'（与三叶草增殖相关），'Ca。犬齿植原体（Phytoplasma cynodontis）（与百慕大草白叶相关），“Ca.枣植原体（Phytoplasma ziziphi）（与枣女巫扫帚相关），“Ca.米植原体（与水稻黄矮病有关）和尚未正式提出候选物种名称的 6 个种级分类单元（与桃 X 病、葡萄黄化病、中美洲椰子致死黄病、坦桑尼亚椰子致死率、尼日利亚椰子致死率相关的植原体） 椰子和丝瓜络女巫扫帚，分别）。尽管 16S rRNA 基因序列与其他 'Ca' 的相似度 > 97.5%，但仍需要其他物种来容纳这些生物体。植原体物种具有独特的生物学、植物病理学和遗传特性。其中包括“Ca”。植原体pyri'（与梨衰退有关），'Ca。 prunorum 植原体（与欧洲核果黄色相关），“Ca.斯巴达植原体（Phytoplasma spartii）（与斯巴达女巫扫帚有关），“Ca.鼠李植原体（Phytoplasma rhamni）（与沙棘女巫扫帚有关），“Ca. Phytoplasma allocasuarinae”（与 allocasuarina 黄相关），“Ca.植原体 ulmi'（与榆黄相关）和 stolbur 植原体的另一个分类单元。相反，一些生物体，尽管其 16S rRNA 基因序列与任何其他 'Ca' 的相似度 < 97-5%。植原体物种目前不被描述为候选物种，因为它们的总体特征较差。
The trivial name 'phytoplasma' has been adopted to collectively name wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects, which were formerly known as mycoplasma-like organisms. Although phytoplasmas have not yet been cultivated in vitro, phylogenetic analyses based on various conserved genes have shown that they represent a distinct, monophyletic clade within the class Mollicutes. It is proposed here to accommodate phytoplasmas within the novel genus 'Candidatus (Ca.) Phytoplasma'. Given the diversity within 'Ca. Phytoplasma', several subtaxa are needed to accommodate organisms that share < 97-5% similarity among their 16S rRNA gene sequences. This report describes the properties of 'Ca. Phytoplasma', a taxon that includes the species 'Ca. Phytoplasma aurantifolia' (the prokaryote associated with witches'-broom disease of small-fruited acid lime), 'Ca. Phytoplasma australiense' (associated with Australian grapevine yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma fraxini' (associated with ash yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma japonicum' (associated with Japanese hydrangea phyllody), 'Ca. Phytoplasma brasiliense' (associated with hibiscus witches'-broom in Brazil), 'Ca. Phytoplasma castaneae' (associated with chestnut witches'-broom in Korea), 'Ca. Phytoplasma asteris' (associated with aster yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma mali' (associated with apple proliferation), 'Ca. Phytoplasma phoenicium' (associated with almond lethal disease), 'Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii' (associated with clover proliferation), 'Ca. Phytoplasma cynodontis' (associated with Bermuda grass white leaf), 'Ca. Phytoplasma ziziphi' (associated with jujube witches'-broom), 'Ca. Phytoplasma oryzae' (associated with rice yellow dwarf) and six species-level taxa for which the Candidatus species designation has not yet been formally proposed (for the phytoplasmas associated with X-disease of peach, grapevine flavescence doree, Central American coconut lethal yellows, Tanzanian lethal decline of coconut, Nigerian lethal decline of coconut and loofah witches'-broom, respectively). Additional species are needed to accommodate organisms that, despite their 16S rRNA gene sequence being >97.5% similar to those of other 'Ca. Phytoplasma' species, are characterized by distinctive biological, phytopathological and genetic properties. These include 'Ca. Phytoplasma pyri' (associated with pear decline), 'Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum' (associated with European stone fruit yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma spartii' (associated with spartium witches'-broom), 'Ca. Phytoplasma rhamni' (associated with buckthorn witches'-broom), 'Ca. Phytoplasma allocasuarinae' (associated with allocasuarina yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi' (associated with elm yellows) and an additional taxon for the stolbur phytoplasma. Conversely, some organisms, despite their 16S rRNA gene sequence being < 97-5% similar to that of any other 'Ca. Phytoplasma' species, are not presently described as Candidatus species, due to their poor overall characterization.