Epigenetic origin of adaptive phenotypic variants in the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni
Epigenetic origin of adaptive phenotypic variants in the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni
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DOI：
10.1186/s13072-016-0076-2
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发表时间：
2016-07-04
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Grunau, Christoph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fneich, Sara;Theron, Andre;Grunau, Christoph
背景：如果没有表型变异体的产生，适应性进化是不可能的。这些变异的起源一直是进化生物学的中心话题。迄今为止，人们普遍认为，长期遗传变异是表型变异的唯一原因。然而，表观遗传信息正在成为有助于进化的可遗传表型变异的补充来源。遗传学和表观遗传学在产生可遗传的表型variation. Results的相对重要性仍然是一个问题的debate.Results：我们使用了宿主-寄生虫系统来解决这个问题。曼氏血吸虫能迅速适应新的中间宿主。寄生虫和软体动物之间的相互作用的特点是兼容性多态性说明在这个系统中的进化动力学。相容性（感染成功）的主要分子标记是寄生虫中一组多态性粘蛋白（SmPoMuc）的表达模式。我们在这里表明，SmPoMuc启动子的染色质结构变化是SmPoMuc转录多态性的原因，导致表型新奇和感染成功率的增加，即，fitness.Conclusion:我们建立，表观遗传变化可以是主要的，如果不是唯一的原因，适应性表型变异曼氏血吸虫，这表明表观突变可以提供材料的适应性进化的遗传变异的情况下，在其他系统。此外，我们的研究结果表明，地毯可以用来控制寄生虫的发展，但也寄生虫的进化。
Background: Adaptive evolution is not possible without the generation of phenotypic variants. The origin of these variations has been a central topic in evolutionary biology. Up to now, it was commonly accepted that standing genetic variation is the only cause of phenotypic variants. However, epigenetic information is emerging as a complementary source of heritable phenotypic variation that contributes to evolution. The relative importance of genetics and epigenetics in generating heritable phenotypic variation is nevertheless a matter of debate.Results: We used a host-parasite system to address this question. The human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni can adapt rapidly to new intermediate snail hosts. The interaction between parasite and mollusk is characterized by a compatibility polymorphism illustrating the evolutionary dynamics in this system. The principal molecular marker for compatibility (infection success) is the expression pattern of a group of polymorphic mucins (SmPoMuc) in the parasite. We show here that chromatin structure changes as the SmPoMuc promoters are the cause for SmPoMuc transcription polymorphism leading to phenotypic novelty and increase in infection success, i.e., fitness.Conclusion: We establish that epigenetic changes can be the major if not only cause of adaptive phenotypic variants in Schistosoma mansoni, suggesting that epimutations can provide material for adaptive evolution in the absence of genetic variation in other systems. In addition, our results indicate that epidrugs can be used to control parasite development but also parasite evolution.