Ethical assurance: a practical approach to the responsible design, development, and deployment of data-driven technologies
Ethical assurance: a practical approach to the responsible design, development, and deployment of data-driven technologies
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道德保证：负责任地设计、开发和部署数据驱动技术的实用方法
DOI：
10.1007/s43681-022-00178-0
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Burr C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burr C
本文为数据科学和人工智能领域负责任的研究和创新跨学科项目做出了一些贡献。首先，它对当前建立算法审计和评估实用机制的努力进行了批判性分析，以确定这些方法的局限性和差距。其次，它简要介绍了基于论证的保证方法，并探讨了目前如何将其应用于自主和智能系统安全案例的开发。第三，它概括了这种方法，以纳入更广泛的伦理、社会和法律考虑，进而建立一种基于论证的保证的新颖版本，我们称之为“道德保证”。道德保证被提出作为一种结构化方法，用于统一已提出的无数实用机制。它建立在基于流程的项目治理形式之上，利用反思性创新实践来实施规范性原则，例如可持续性、问责制、透明度、公平性和可解释性。作为一套跨越数据科学和人工智能生命周期的中间治理机制，道德保证支持包容性和参与性的道德审议，同时也立足于社会和技术现实。最后，本文通过详细介绍当前挑战、悬而未决的问题和后续步骤，制定了道德保证议程，作为建立积极（跨学科）研究计划的跳板，并为政策和治理方面的持续讨论做出贡献。
This article offers several contributions to the interdisciplinary project of responsible research and innovation in data science and AI. First, it provides a critical analysis of current efforts to establish practical mechanisms for algorithmic auditing and assessment to identify limitations and gaps with these approaches. Second, it provides a brief introduction to the methodology of argument-based assurance and explores how it is currently being applied in the development of safety cases for autonomous and intelligent systems. Third, it generalises this method to incorporate wider ethical, social, and legal considerations, in turn establishing a novel version of argument-based assurance that we call ‘ethical assurance.’ Ethical assurance is presented as a structured method for unifying the myriad practical mechanisms that have been proposed. It is built on a process-based form of project governance that enlists reflective innovation practices to operationalise normative principles, such as sustainability, accountability, transparency, fairness, and explainability. As a set of interlocutory governance mechanisms that span across the data science and AI lifecycle, ethical assurance supports inclusive and participatory ethical deliberation while also remaining grounded in social and technical realities. Finally, this article sets an agenda for ethical assurance, by detailing current challenges, open questions, and next steps, which serve as a springboard to build an active (and interdisciplinary) research programme as well as contribute to ongoing discussions in policy and governance.
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