Overlapping and disease specific trait, response, and reflection impulsivity in adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Overlapping and disease specific trait, response, and reflection impulsivity in adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291717001921
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Oranje, B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jepsen, J. R. M.;Rydkjaer, J.;Oranje, B.
背景精神分裂症和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是具有共同临床特征的发育障碍，如认知障碍和冲动。冲动是ADHD的核心特征，也是精神分裂症中攻击、暴力和物质使用的重要因素。基于精神分裂症和多动症代表一个连续的神经发育障碍的假设，目的是确定重叠和疾病特异性形式的冲动。12至17岁的青少年进行了评估与学龄儿童情感障碍和精神分裂症的时间表-现在和终身版本。对早发首发精神分裂症谱系障碍（EOS）（N = 29）或ADHD（N = 29）患者和健康对照组（N = 45）进行两项操作测量（信息取样任务、停止信号任务）和冲动性主观人格特质测量（Barratt冲动性量表第11版（BIS-11））。注意缺陷多动障碍组的反射冲动性显著增加，而嗜酸性粒细胞组则无此现象。两个临床组均未发现明显的反应抑制缺陷（停止信号反应时间）。ADHD和EOS组表现出明显增加的运动，注意力和非计划冲动的子特质。受损的决策前信息收集似乎是特定的ADHD，而信息收集没有显着减少与EOS的主题。ADHD和EOS组均未表现出反应抑制受损，但注意力、非计划性和运动冲动性的人格亚特质增加，尽管后者在ADHD中显著更明显。这些增加的冲动性亚特征可能反映了青春期ADHD和EOS的诊断性非特异性神经发育障碍。
Background. Schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are developmental disorders with shared clinical characteristics such as cognitive impairments and impulsivity. Impulsivity is a core feature of ADHD and an important factor in aggression, violence, and substance use in schizophrenia. Based on the hypothesis that schizophrenia and ADHD represent a continuum of neurodevelopmental impairments, the aim was to identify overlapping and disease specific forms of impulsivity.Methods. Adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age were assessed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-aged Children -Present and Lifetime Version. Subjects with early-onset, first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders (EOS) (N = 29) or ADHD (N = 29) and healthy controls (N = 45) were compared on two performance measures (Information Sampling Task, Stop Signal Task) and a subjective personality trait measure of impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Version 11 (BIS-11)).Results. Significantly increased reflection impulsivity was observed in ADHD but not in the EOS group. No significant response inhibition deficits (stop signal reaction time) were found in the two clinical groups. The ADHD and the EOS group showed significantly increased motor, attentional, and non-planning subtraits of impulsivity.Conclusions. Impaired pre-decisional information gathering appeared to be specific for ADHD while the information gathering was not significantly reduced in subjects with EOS. Neither the ADHD nor EOS group showed impaired response inhibition but shared increased personality subtraits of attentional, non-planning, and motor impulsivity although the latter was significantly more pronounced in ADHD. These increased subtraits of impulsivity may reflect diagnostic non-specific neurodevelopmental impairments in ADHD and EOS in adolescence.