Development of and tests with the NMR technique to detect water bearing fractures
Development of and tests with the NMR technique to detect water bearing fractures
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
R. Meyer;M. Schoor;J. Greben
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Meyer;M. Schoor;J. Greben
在威特沃特斯兰德盆地和布什维尔德综合体周围发展了广泛的黄金和PGE采矿业，有些金矿的深度超过4公里。威特沃特斯兰德金矿矿区部分地区的地质和水文条件对采矿环境构成了严重的危险成分。威特沃特斯兰德金矿的西部和远西部兰德盆地的含金生物礁位于长达两公里的裂隙和岩溶白云岩覆盖的地方，这些岩石是过量地下水的宿主，可以在下伏的矿区施加巨大的水力压力。金矿田在其地质历史中经历了重大的构造变形，这形成了密集的断层和裂缝网络，在下伏的含金层和白云岩和其他岩石类型的上覆含水层之间建立了水力连接。尽管采取了预防措施，但仍发生了无法控制的水流入矿区的情况，往往造成毁灭性后果和生命损失。最严重的情况发生在1968年的West Driefontein矿，当时在地下钻探过程中，在地表以下874米处遇到了一个水交汇处，导致每天385兆升的水涌入整个矿井(Wolmarans，1986)。深部金矿和铂矿开采工作面前方发生不可预见的水和瓦斯的潜在灾难性后果的几个例子是已知的。
An extensive gold and PGE mining industry has developed around the Witwatersrand basin and the Bushveld Complex with some mines reaching depths in excess of four kilometres in the case of gold mines. The geological and geohydrological conditions in parts of the Witwatersrand gold mining district pose some serious risk components to the mining environment. The gold bearing reefs in the West and Far West Rand Basins of the Witwatersrand Goldfields are in places overlain by up to two kilometres of fissured and karstified dolomitic rocks that are host to excessive volumes of groundwater and can exert huge hydraulic pressures in the underlying mining area. The gold fields have undergone significant structural deformation during its geological history, and this has created a dense network of faults and fractures creating a hydraulic connection between the underlying gold bearing strata and the overlying aquifer in dolomitic and other rock types. Despite precautionary measures, uncontrollable water inflows into mining areas have occurred, often resulting in devastating consequences and loss of life. The most severe case occurred in 1968 at the West Driefontein mine when during underground drilling a water intersection was encountered at a depth of 874 m below surface which resulted in an inflow of 385 megalitres per day flooding the entire mine (Wolmarans, 1986). Several examples of the potentially disastrous consequences of unforeseen water and gas occurrences ahead of the mining face in deep gold and platinum mines are known.