Historical trends in human dietary intakes of endosulfan and toxaphene in China, Korea and Japan
Historical trends in human dietary intakes of endosulfan and toxaphene in China, Korea and Japan
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.063
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Koizumi, Akio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Desalegn, Biruck;Takasuga, Takumi;Koizumi, Akio
最近，《斯德哥尔摩公约》禁止使用毒杀芬，并一直在审查硫丹。这些农药的历史使用可能会污染食物，并倾向于在食物链中积累。为了评价食品污染的时空趋势，本研究对20世纪90年代和2007-2009年中国（n = 10）、韩国（n = 10）和日本（n = 40）成年人24 h食品复合样品中的硫丹和毒杀芬含量进行了测定。来自日本的40个样品中有32个检测到硫丹，但其水平（α -和β -异构体的总和）在20世纪90年代和2009年都很低(几何平均值（几何标准差）范围[GM (GSD)]: 0.96 (1.6)-1.42 (1.4) ng kg（-1) d(-1)）。汉城地区饲粮硫丹GM （GSD）日摄入量在1994年为38.68 (1.3)ng kg bw(-1) d(-1)， 2007年为92.17 (4.4)ng kg bw(-1) d(-1)，显著高于日本（p < 0.05）。从1993年(GM: 0.58 ng kg（-1) d(-1)）到2009年(GM: 24.91 ng kg bw(-1) d(-1))，北京样品的硫丹含量增加了50倍（p < 0.05）。来自日本的40份样本中有33份检测到毒杀芬。日本日粮毒杀芬摄入量（第26号、第50号和第62号的总和）为0.32 ~ 1.21 ng kg bw(-1) d(-1)（范围为几何平均值），无时间变化趋势。汉城地区饲料中毒杀芬的摄入量从1994年的0.2 ng kg bw(-1) d(-1) （GM）显著增加到2007年的3.6 ng kg bw(-1) d(-1) (GM) （p < 0.05）。来自北京的10个汇总样本中只有一个含有可检测水平的毒杀芬(0.3 ng kg bw（-1) d(-1)）。就整个人口而言，从饮食中摄入硫丹和毒杀芬对健康产生不利影响的风险不大。然而，几个样品中的硫丹浓度超过了世界卫生组织（世卫组织）规定的可接受的每日摄入量极限值6 μ g kg bw(-1) d（-1）的10%。为确保消费者的食品安全，针对食品类型和来源识别来改进膳食摄入量估算显得很重要。(C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Recently, the Stockholm Convention prohibited the use of toxaphene and has been reviewing endosulfan. The historical use of these pesticides may contaminate food and tend to accumulate in the food chain. In this study, to evaluate the spatial and temporal trends of food contamination, the endosulfan and toxaphene levels were measured in pooled 24-h food composite samples from Chinese (n = 10), Korean (n = 10) and Japanese (n = 40) adults in the 1990s and 2007-2009. Endosulfan was detected in 32 of 40 samples from Japan, but its levels (sum of alpha- and beta-isomers) were low in both the 1990s and 2009 (range as geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) [GM (GSD)]: 0.96 (1.6)-1.42 (1.4) ng kg(-1) d(-1)). The dietary intakes of endosulfan in Seoul as GM (GSD) were 38.68 (1.3) ng kg bw(-1) d(-1) in 1994 and 92.17 (4.4) ng kg bw(-1) d(-1) in 2007, and significantly higher than those in Japan (p < 0.05). The samples from Beijing showed a 50-fold increase in the endosulfan levels from 1993 (GM: 0.58 ng kg(-1) d(-1)) to 2009 (GM: 24.91 ng kg bw(-1) d(-1)) (p < 0.05). Toxaphene was detected in 33 of 40 samples from Japan. The dietary intake of toxaphene in Japan (sum of Parlars #26, #50 and #62) was 0.32-1.21 ng kg bw(-1) d(-1) (range as geometric mean) and no temporal trend was observed. The dietary intake of toxaphene in Seoul increased significantly from 0.2 ng kg bw(-1) d(-1) (GM) in 1994 to 3.6 ng kg bw(-1) d(-1) (GM) in 2007 (p < 0.05). Only one of 10 pooled samples from Beijing contained a detectable level of toxaphene (0.3 ng kg bw(-1) d(-1)). For the entire population, the risk of adverse health effects from dietary intakes of endosulfan and toxaphene is unlikely. However, the concentrations of endosulfan in several samples exceeded 10% of the acceptable daily intake limit value of 6 mu g kg bw(-1) d(-1) set by the World Health Organization (WHO). It appears important to refine dietary intake estimates targeting food types and source identification to ensure safe food for consumers. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.