Kinematic principles of primate rotational vestibulo-ocular reflex. II. Gravity-dependent modulation of primary eye position.
Kinematic principles of primate rotational vestibulo-ocular reflex. II. Gravity-dependent modulation of primary eye position.
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灵长类动物旋转前庭眼反射的运动学原理。
DOI：
10.1152/jn.1997.78.4.2203
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Angelaki,DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hess,BJ;Angelaki,DE
伯恩哈德·j·M·赫斯以及朵拉·安吉拉基。灵长类动物旋转前庭眼反射的运动学原理。2。主眼位置的重力依赖调制。中国生物医学工程学报，2009,31(2):387 - 398。研究了恒河猴在被动头部和身体相对于重力旋转时三维眼位的运动学约束。我们研究了由地球水平轴的等速偏航旋转和正弦振荡引起的前庭眼反射（VOR）的快、慢相成分。我们发现，无论是快相眼位还是慢相眼位的空间方向，都可以用一个相对于李氏平面系统旋转和/或移动的扭转变化<2.0±0.4°的平面（位移平面）来局部描述。在仰卧位/俯卧位时，位移面向前/向后倾斜；在左/右耳下位置，位移平面沿正/负扭轴平行移动。从位移平面计算动态变化的主眼位置。主眼位置的扭转和垂直分量作为头部方向在空间中的正弦函数调制。扭转分量在耳下位置最大，在仰卧/俯卧位置近似为零。垂直分量的情况正好相反。主眼位置水平分量的调制表现出更复杂的依赖性。与相对独立于转速的扭转分量相反，主位置的垂直分量和水平分量的调制强烈依赖于头部旋转的速度（即重力矢量分量的振荡频率）：头部相对于重力旋转得越快，调制越大。将基于瞬时位移平面（和主眼位置）与头部相对重力方向正弦相关的模型拟合到VOR快速相位位置，得到了相应的结果。当VOR快速相位位置相对于从模型拟合估计的主眼位置表示时，它们大约被限制在具有小扭转标准差（~ 1.4-2.6°）的单个平面内。当相对于Listing平面表示时，这种减小的扭转变化与快速相位位置的大扭转扩展（井> 10-15°）形成对比。我们得出的结论是，主眼睛的位置动态地取决于相对于空间的头部方向，而不是固定在头部。它定义了一个依赖于重力的坐标系，相对于这个坐标系，即使在头部被动移动和前庭-眼反射被唤起时，眼睛位置的扭转可变性也被最小化。从一般意义上讲，李斯特定律适用于由重力动态定义的耳石控制参照系。
Hess, Bernhard J. M. and Dora E. Angelaki.Kinematic principles of primate rotational vestibulo-ocular reflex. II. Gravity-dependent modulation of primary eye position.J. Neurophysiol.78: 2203–2216, 1997. The kinematic constraints of three-dimensional eye positions were investigated in rhesus monkeys during passive head and body rotations relative to gravity. We studied fast and slow phase components of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) elicited by constant-velocity yaw rotations and sinusoidal oscillations about an earth-horizontal axis. We found that the spatial orientation of both fast and slow phase eye positions could be described locally by a planar surface with torsional variation of <2.0 ± 0.4° (displacement planes) that systematically rotated and/or shifted relative to Listing's plane. In supine/prone positions, displacement planes pitched forward/backward; in left/right ear-down positions, displacement planes were parallel shifted along the positive/negative torsional axis. Dynamically changing primary eye positions were computed from displacement planes. Torsional and vertical components of primary eye position modulated as a sinusoidal function of head orientation in space. The torsional component was maximal in ear-down positions and approximately zero in supine/prone orientations. The opposite was observed for the vertical component. Modulation of the horizontal component of primary eye position exhibited a more complex dependence. In contrast to the torsional component, which was relatively independent of rotational speed, modulation of the vertical and horizontal components of primary position depended strongly on the speed of head rotation (i.e., on the frequency of oscillation of the gravity vector component): the faster the head rotated relative to gravity, the larger was the modulation. Corresponding results were obtained when a model based on a sinusoidal dependence of instantaneous displacement planes (and primary eye position) on head orientation relative to gravity was fitted to VOR fast phase positions. When VOR fast phase positions were expressed relative to primary eye position estimated from the model fits, they were confined approximately to a single plane with a small torsional standard deviation (∼1.4–2.6°). This reduced torsional variation was in contrast to the large torsional spread (well >10–15°) of fast phase positions when expressed relative to Listing's plane. We conclude that primary eye position depends dynamically on head orientation relative to space rather than being fixed to the head. It defines a gravity-dependent coordinate system relative to which the torsional variability of eye positions is minimized even when the head is moved passively and vestibulo-ocular reflexes are evoked. In this general sense, Listing's law is preserved with respect to an otolith-controlled reference system that is defined dynamically by gravity.
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