Coprinus comatus damages nematode cuticles mechanically with spiny balls and produces potent toxins to immobilize nematodes
Coprinus comatus damages nematode cuticles mechanically with spiny balls and produces potent toxins to immobilize nematodes
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.02770-06
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发表时间：
2007-06-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Zhang, Keqin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Luo, Hong;Liu, Yajun;Zhang, Keqin
本文报道了鸡腿菇（Coprinus comatus，O. F.穆尔：Fr.）103.虽然有人就这一结构的作用提出了一些意见，但其职能在很大程度上仍不为人所知。在这项研究中，我们表明，纯化（分离和洗涤）的刺球可以杀灭自由生活的线虫Panagrellus redivus Goodey高效。扫描电子显微镜研究表明，刺状结构破坏了线虫的角质层，这表明在线虫固定的过程中存在的机械力。线虫表皮严重受损，导致线虫内部物质泄漏。当这些结构在液氮中研磨时，它们对线虫的杀灭效果丧失，这表明刺球的形状和完整结构对其功能是不可缺少的。但有机溶剂提取物对红拟青霉的活性并没有降低，提取物对红拟青霉的作用也不明显。我们还调查了是否C comatus能够产生毒素，这将有助于固定线虫。我们总共从C.对南方根结线虫P.redivivus和南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita（Kofoid et白色）Chitwood表现出抑制作用。通过核磁共振、质谱、红外光谱和LTV光谱分析，鉴定了这些毒素的化学结构。其中两个化合物为新化合物。在C. comatus是含氧杂环化合物。
We reported recently a unique fungal structure, called the spiny ball, on the vegetative hyphae of Coprinus comatus (O. F. Mull.:Fr.) Pers. Although some observations regarding the role of this structure were presented, its function remained largely unknown. In this study, we showed that purified (isolated and washed) spiny balls could immobilize and kill the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus Goodey highly efficiently. Scanning electron microscopy studies illustrated that the spiny structure damaged the nematode cuticle, suggesting the presence of a mechanical force during the process of nematode immobilization. Severe injuries on nematode cuticles caused the leakage of inner materials of the nematodes. When these structures were ground in liquid nitrogen, their killing efficacy against nematodes was lost, indicating that the shape and the complete structure of the spiny balls are indispensable for their function. However, extraction with organic solvents never lowered their activity against P. redivivus, and the extracts showed no obvious effect on the nematode. We also investigated whether C comatus was able to produce toxins which would aid in the immobilization of nematodes. In total, we identified seven toxins from C. comatus that showed activity to immobilize the nematodes P. redivivus and Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid et White) Chitwood. The chemical structures of these toxins were identified with nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, infrared, and LTV spectrum analysis. Two compounds were found to be novel. The toxins found in C. comatus are O-containing heterocyclic compounds.