CRAWLING VERSUS WALKING INFANTS PERCEPTION OF AFFORDANCES FOR LOCOMOTION OVER SLOPING SURFACES
CRAWLING VERSUS WALKING INFANTS PERCEPTION OF AFFORDANCES FOR LOCOMOTION OVER SLOPING SURFACES
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb04193.x
复制
发表时间：
1993-08-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
GIBSON, EJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ADOLPH, KE;EPPLER, MA;GIBSON, EJ
鼓励 14 个月大的幼儿与 8.5 个月大的爬行婴儿在倾斜的走道（10 度、20 度、30 度和 40 度）上上升和下降。两个运动组的婴儿都高估了自己爬坡的能力。然而，在下降试验中，跌倒是更令人厌恶的，大多数幼儿从步行姿势切换到滑行姿势以安全下降，但爬行者头朝下跌倒，许多人在每次增量时跌倒。幼儿在下降 10 度和 20 度的斜坡之前最容易碰触和犹豫，他们在离开起始平台之前通过测试不同的滑动位置来探索替代的下降方式。相比之下，爬行者在下 30 度和 40 度的斜坡之前最容易接触和犹豫，而且它们从未探索过其他的滑动位置。此外，我们还分析了与儿童感知可供性的能力相关的运动技能和经验的测量。研究结果表明，儿童必须学会感知在斜坡上运动的可供性，并且学习可以从微调探索活动开始。
14-month-old toddlers vs. 8.5-month-old crawling infants were encouraged to ascend and descend a sloping walkway (10-degrees, 20-degrees, 30-degrees, and 40-degrees). Infants in both locomotor groups overestimated their ability to ascend slopes. However, on descending trials where falling was more aversive, most toddlers switched from walking to sliding positions for safe descent, but crawlers plunged down headfirst and many fell at each increment. Toddlers touched and hesitated most before descending 10-degrees and 20-degrees slopes, and they explored alternative means for descent by testing out different sliding positions before leaving the starting platform. In contrast, crawlers touched and hesitated most before descending 30-degrees and 40-degrees slopes, and they never explored alternative sliding positions. In addition, we analyzed measures of locomotor skill and experience in relation to children's ability to perceive affordances. Findings indicate that children must learn to perceive affordances for locomotion over slopes and that learning may begin by fine-tuning of exploratory activity.