Violence Prevention in Licensed Premises
Violence Prevention in Licensed Premises
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DOI：
10.1002/9780470713624.ch14
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Graham, Kathryn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Haines, Ben;Graham, Kathryn
获得许可的场所与攻击和暴力风险显着增加有关。在有执照的场所发生暴力的风险因素包括高度醉酒、沮丧或愤怒的环境根源、社会宽容的环境、咄咄逼人的顾客以及缺乏经验或有暴力倾向的工作人员。为减少持照场所与酒精有关的暴力行为而采取的干预措施包括基础广泛的社区干预措施、负责任的饮料服务方案、关于适当行业做法的地方协定或协议、培训工作人员掌握更好地管理攻击和其他问题行为的技术的方案、减少环境风险的干预措施、行业法规的修改以及有针对性的警务方法。其中许多干预措施，特别是基础广泛的社区干预措施，显示暴力行为大幅减少。然而，严格的评估一直很罕见，广泛的战略显示出有希望的结果值得进一步研究。其中包括有针对性的警务战略、工作人员特别是安全人员的培训方案，以及针对一系列已知的暴力风险因素的多方面战略。酒吧、夜总会和酒馆在现代西方社会中扮演着特殊的角色。它们为人们，特别是年轻人，提供了社交和结识潜在浪漫伴侣的聚会场所。然而，这些地方也有一定的暴力风险，原因是：与酒精中毒有关的攻击性增加（Bushman，1997年）;所有感受到酒精影响的人之间的社会互动（Graham等人，2000年）;一些酒吧活动的性质，E。例如，在一个实施例中，大满贯或mosh舞蹈（格雷厄姆等人，2000年），一些文化和亚文化中的暴力在酒吧环境中或醉酒时更容易被接受的期望（Graham和Homel，1997年），竞争性游戏，如台球（Graham等人，一九八○年; Homel和Clark，1994年），以及这些地点经常有年轻男性光顾，他们通常比其他成年人群体更容易受到攻击（Graham和West，2001年），特别是年轻男性群体饮酒（Pernanen，1991年; Homel和Clark，1994年）。正如Indermaur（1999年）所指出的那样，酒吧暴力的完全可预测性证明了针对有执照场所的暴力预防干预措施。然而，关于有效干预以减少持照场所暴力行为的文献很少。在这一章中，我们首先描述了酒精和侵略之间的联系一般，和文学的环境决定因素的酒精相关的侵略在酒吧的背景下。然后，我们描述现有的干预措施，以减少酒吧暴力和审查其有效性的证据。
Licensed premises are associated with a significantly increased risk of aggression and violence. Risk factors for violence in licensed premises include high levels of intoxication, environmental sources of frustration or irritation, socially permissive environments, aggressive patrons, and inexperienced or violent staff. Interventions to reduce alcohol-related violence in licensed premises have included broad-based community interventions, Responsible Beverage Service programmes, local accords or agreements on appropriate industry practices, programs to train staff in techniques for better managing aggression and other problem behaviour, interventions to reduce environmental risks, changes to industry regulations, and targeted policing approaches. Many of these interventions, especially broad-based community interventions, have shown significant reductions in violence. However, rigorous evaluations have been rare, and a wide range of strategies showing promising results are worthy of further study. These include targeted policing strategies, training programs for staff, especially security staff, and multicomponent strategies targeting a range of known risk factors for violence. Bars, nightclubs and pubs fill a special role in modern western society. They provide gathering places for people, especially young adults, to socialize and meet potential romantic partners. However, these are also places that carry a certain amount of risk for violence due to: the increase in aggression associated with alcohol intoxication (Bushman, 1997); social interactions among persons who are all feeling the effects of alcohol (Graham et al., 2000); the nature of some bar-room activities, e. g., slam or mosh dancing (Graham et al., 2000), expectations among some cultures and subcultures that violence is more acceptable in the bar context or while intoxicated (Graham and Homel, 1997), competitive games such as pool (Graham et al., 1980; Homel and Clark, 1994), and the fact that the locations are frequented by young males who are generally higher risk than other segments of the adult population for aggression (Graham and West, 2001), especially young males drinking in groups (Pernanen, 1991; Homel and Clark, 1994). As noted by Indermaur (1999), the sheer predictability of violence in bars argues for violence prevention interventions targeted at licensed premises. However, the literature on effective interventions to reduce violence in licensed premises is sparse. In this chapter, we first describe the link between alcohol and aggression generally, and the literature on the environmental determinants of alcohol-related aggression in the bar context. We then describe existing interventions to reduce bar violence and review the evidence of their effectiveness.