A new false belief test for 36-month-olds
A new false belief test for 36-month-olds
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DOI：
10.1348/026151002320620316
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Tomasello, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carpenter, M;Call, J;Tomasello, M
我们报告了两项研究，这两项研究表明，一些36个月大(以及更小)的孩子理解其他人的错误信念。在错误信念条件下，儿童和两名成人(E1和E2)看着物体被放入容器中。我离开了房间，E2把那个物体换成了另一个。艾尔回来了，表达了她对这个物体的渴望，并挣扎着打开容器(但没有成功)。她在房间的另一边发现了这两个物体，并对孩子说。哦，在那里。你能帮我拿来吗？在其他情况下，对象没有被切换或E-I目睹了切换。其他的变化包括用一个新奇的词来形容物体，去掉了“真实的吸引力”。对儿童潜伏期和不确定性的测量被用来确定那些在错误信念任务上正确的人是在猜测(幸运的是)还是真正理解了。结果显示，三分之一到近三分之二的儿童在决定成人要求的对象时会考虑成年人的错误信念。我们将这项任务与其他内隐和外显任务进行了比较。我们还得出结论，传统心理理论评估中的某些任务要求(例如，现实的拉动)是不必要的。
We report two studies that suggest that some 36-month-old (and younger) children understand others' false beliefs. In the false belief conditions, children and two adults (E1 and E2) watched as an object was put into a container. E I left the room, and E2 switched that object with another. El returned, expressed her desire for the object, and struggled to open the container (without succeeding). She spied both objects across the room and said to the child. 'Oh, there it is. Can you get it for me?' In other conditions, the object was not switched or E I witnessed the switch. Other variations included using a novel word for the object and removing the 'pull of the real'. Measures of children's latency and uncertainty were taken to determine whether those who were correct on the false belief tasks were guessing (luckily) or truly understanding. Results showed that between one-third and almost two-thirds of children took account of the adult's false belief when deciding which object the adult was requesting. We compare this task with other implicit and explicit tasks. We also conclude that certain task demands (e.g. the pull of the real) in traditional theory of mind assessments are unnecessary.