Water Quality Assessment in the Nile River, Damietta Branch, Egypt
Water Quality Assessment in the Nile River, Damietta Branch, Egypt
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DOI：
10.12816/0010762
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
0.3
通讯作者：
Nassef, Hossam M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Badr, El-Sayed A.;El-Sonbati, Mervat A.;Nassef, Hossam M.
水是经济发展最重要的投入之一。水质管理、水污染控制和环境保护是维持生活条件的主要问题。近年来，由于人口的增加和相关的人类活动，尼罗河的污染有所增加。此外，由于人口迅速增长，埃及已被列为到2025年缺水的十个国家之一。在这项研究中，在两个不同的省Dakahlia和达米埃塔进行了水质评价。为评价尼罗河-达米埃塔分支的水质状况，采集了24个水样，分析了水样的理化特征，包括重金属含量。获得的数据显示，与Dakahlia区相比，达米埃塔区尼罗河中存在高浓度的BOD、COD、氨、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐以及溶解有机物。同时，测得的重金属（铁，锰和铅）的浓度高于埃及和世界卫生组织标准的允许限度。因此，主要化学元素在尼罗河水的浓度与下游的距离从河流的源头，在上游河段的水质良好，但相对污染的河口，水质指数（WQI）的结果支持。因此，需要定期对水质及其管理进行评价。
Water is one of the most important inputs for economic development. Management of water quality and control of water pollution and environmental protection are major issues to sustain living conditions. Recently, pollution of the Nile has increased due to increasing of population and related anthropogenic activities. Moreover, Egypt has been listed among the ten countries to be scarce of water by the year 2025 due to the rapidly increasing population. In this study, evaluation of water quality was carried out at two different governorates Dakahlia and Damietta. To evaluate the water quality of the Nile River-Damietta branch, twenty four water samples have been collected and analyzed for its physico-chemical characteristics including some heavy metals. Data obtained revealed the presence of high concentration of BOD, COD, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate as well as dissolved organic matter in the Nile at Damietta district compared to Dakahlia district. In the mean time, measured heavy metals (Fe, Mn and Pb) were recorded in high concentration than permissible limits of Egyptian and WHO standards. Consequently, concentrations of major chemical elements in the Nile water were correlated with the distance downstream from the source of the river, with water in the upstream reaches of good quality, but were relatively polluted at the estuary, supported by the results of water quality index (WQI). Therefore, evaluation of water quality and its management is in need to be done at regular intervals.