Characteristics of mucosal-associated invariant T cells and their roles in immune diseases
Characteristics of mucosal-associated invariant T cells and their roles in immune diseases
复制标题
粘膜相关不变T细胞的特征及其在免疫疾病中的作用
DOI：
10.1093/intimm/dxab070
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Miyake Sachiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chiba Asako;Murayama Goh;Miyake Sachiko
粘膜相关不变T（MAIT）细胞是表达半不变T细胞受体并受主要组织相容性复合物I类相关分子1（MR 1）限制的先天性样T细胞的子集。MAIT细胞识别存在于微生物中的核黄素合成途径的生物合成衍生物。MAIT细胞已经吸引了与各种免疫应答相关的越来越多的兴趣，因为它们的独特特征包括它们在人类中的丰度、非肽抗原以及对抗原性和非抗原性刺激物应答的能力。在许多免疫性疾病如多发性硬化症、系统性红斑狼疮和炎症性肠病中，循环MAIT细胞的数量减少。然而，剩余的MAIT细胞具有增加的精氨酸产生能力和激活状态，这与疾病活动有关。此外，MAIT细胞已在炎症部位（包括肾脏、滑液和肠粘膜）观察到。这些发现表明它们参与免疫疾病的发病机制。在这篇简短的综述中，我们总结了MAIT细胞在人类免疫疾病和动物模型中的最新发现，并讨论了它们作为治疗靶点的作用和潜力。
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of innate-like T cells that express a semi-invariant T-cell receptor and are restricted by the major histocompatibility complex class I-related molecule 1 (MR1). MAIT cells recognize biosynthetic derivatives of the riboflavin synthesis pathway present in microbes. MAIT cells have attracted increased interest related to various immune responses because of their unique features including their abundance in humans, non-peptidic antigens and ability to respond to antigenic and non-antigenic stimuli. The numbers of circulating MAIT cells are decreased in many immune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the remaining MAIT cells have an increased cytokine-producing capacity and activated status, which are related to disease activity. Additionally, MAIT cells have been observed at sites of inflammation including the kidneys, synovial fluid and intestinal mucosa. These findings suggest their involvement in the pathogenesis of immune diseases. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent findings of MAIT cells in human immune diseases and animal models, and discuss their role and potential as a therapeutic target.