Brood Parasitism Defense Behaviors Along an Altitudinal Gradient in the American Robin (Turdus Migratorius)
Brood Parasitism Defense Behaviors Along an Altitudinal Gradient in the American Robin (Turdus Migratorius)
复制标题
美国知更鸟 (Turdus Migratorius) 沿海拔梯度的巢寄生防御行为
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Chace
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. C. Carmody;A. Cruz;J. Chace
一些宿主物种在其部分范围内接受来自育雏寄生虫的卵，并在其他区域拒绝它们，这代表了排斥行为发展中的“进化滞后”或当育雏寄生的选择压力被移除时适应行为的丧失。在卵孵化期间，雌卵寄生虫可能通过排斥卵和攻击性巢防御行为来阻止卵寄生。在寄生频率在空间和时间上可变的地区，抗寄生虫行为可能会下降，因为成本超过收益。沿着科罗拉多前山脉，美国知更鸟（Turdus migratorius）从低海拔繁殖，那里的育雏寄生褐头牛鹂（Molothrus ater）是丰富的，接近林线（3700米），那里的牛鹂是罕见的。我们测试了这一假设，卵排斥和巢防御行为下降的寄生概率降低。我们发现，知更鸟接受100%的完美（知更鸟样）的实验蛋在低海拔和高海拔，但更有可能拒绝斑点（燕八哥样）的实验蛋在低海拔比高海拔。对鸡蛋大小的反应比鸡蛋颜色更易变。当提出了一个安装的燕八哥和歌曲麻雀（Melospiza melodia）附近的巢，知更鸟更积极地响应燕八哥模型比麻雀（控制），和巢防御行为对燕八哥的时间更长，更具侵略性的低海拔地区，燕八哥是常见的。这些结果表明，卵排斥和巢址侵略是昂贵的适应燕八哥寄生，这些行为下降时，寄生的威胁减少。
Some host species accept eggs from brood parasites over parts of their range and reject them in other areas representing an “evolutionary lag” in the development of rejection behavior or the loss of an adapative behavior when the selection pressure of brood parasitism is removed. Hosts may deter brood parasitism through egg rejection and aggressive nest defense behavior specifically targetting female brood parasites during the egg incubation period. In areas where parasitism frequencies are spatially and temporally variable, anti-parasite behaviors may decline as costs outweigh the benefits. Along the Colorado Front Range, American robins (Turdus migratorius) breed from low elevations where the brood parasitic Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is abundant to near timberline (3700 m) where cowbirds are uncommon. We tested the hypothesis that egg rejection and nest defense behaviors decline with reduced probability of parasitism. We found that robins accepted 100% of immaculate (robin-like) experimental eggs at both low and high elevations, but were more likely to reject spotted (cowbird-like) experimental eggs at low elevations than high elevations. Response to egg size was more variable than to egg color. When presented with a mount of a cowbird and Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) near the nest, robins responded more aggressively to cowbird models than to sparrows (control), and nest defense behavior towards cowbirds was longer and more aggressive at the lower elevation sites where cowbirds are common. These results suggest that egg rejection and nest-site aggression are costly adaptations to cowbird parasitism, and these behaviors decline when the threat of parasitism is reduced.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Igic B;Nunez V;Voss HU;Croston R;Aidala Z;López AV;Van Tatenhove A;Holford ME;Shawkey MD;Hauber ME
通讯作者：
Hauber ME