Making use: scenarios and scenario-based design
Making use: scenarios and scenario-based design
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利用：场景和基于场景的设计
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发表时间：
2000
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通讯作者：
John Millar Carroll
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作者：
John Millar Carroll
人机交互的场景帮助我们理解和创建计算机系统和应用程序，作为人类活动的人工制品，作为学习的对象，作为工作中使用的工具，作为与其他人交互的媒体。基于场景的设计为设计工作中一些最具特征和最棘手的挑战提供了重要而独特的杠杆作用：
场景在设计工作的内容中唤起反思，帮助开发人员协调设计动作和反思。场景既具体又灵活，帮助开发人员管理设计情况的流动性。场景提供交互的多个视图、不同类型和数量的细节，帮助开发人员管理任何给定设计举措所带来的许多后果。场景也可以被抽象和分类，帮助设计人员识别，捕获和重用概括，并解决技术知识往往滞后于技术设计需求的挑战。最后，场景可以促进利益相关者之间以工作为导向的沟通，有助于使设计活动更容易接触到有助于设计的各种专业知识，并解决外部约束、设计师和客户经常分散人们对技术使用者的需求和关注的挑战。
John M.卡罗尔是弗吉尼亚理工大学计算机科学、教育和心理学教授，也是人机交互中心主任。他撰写了250多篇技术论文，20多篇会议全体会议演讲和12本书，包括基于场景的设计：系统开发中的设想工作和技术（Wiley，1995），设计原理：概念，方法和技术（Erlbaum，1996，with T.P. Moran），Minimalism beyond The Nurnberg Funnel（MIT Press，1998），and Making用途：Scenario-based design of human-computer interactions（MIT Press，2000）.
他
Scenarios of human-computer interaction help us to understand and to create computer systems and applications as artifacts of human activity of human activity as things to learn from, as tools to use in ones work, as media for interacting with other people. Scenario-based design offers significant and unique leverage on some of the most characteristic and vexing challenges of design work:
Scenarios evoke reflection in the content of design work, helping developers coordinate design action and reflection. Scenarios are at once concrete and flexible, helping developers manage the fluidity of design situations. Scenarios afford multiple views of an interaction, diverse kinds and amounts of detailing, helping developers manage the many consequences entailed by any given design move. Scenarios can also be abstracted and categorized, helping designers to recognize, capture, and reuse generalizations, and to address the challenge that technical knowledge often lags the needs of technical design. Finally, scenarios promote work-oriented communication among stakeholders, helping to make design activities more accessible to the great variety of expertise that can contribute to design, and addressing the challenge that external constraints, designers, and clients often distract attention from the needs and concerns of the people who will use the technology.
John M. Carroll is Professor of Computer Science, Education, and Psychology, and Director of the Center for Human-Computer Interaction all at Virginia Tech. He has written more than 250 technical papers, more than 20 conference plenary addresses, and 12 books, including Scenario-based design: Envisioning work and technology in system development (Wiley, 1995), Design rationale: Concepts, methods and techniques (Erlbaum, 1996, with T.P. Moran), Minimalism beyond The Nurnberg Funnel (MIT Press, 1998), and Making use: Scenario-based design of human-computer interactions (MIT Press, 2000).
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