Urban-rural differentials: a spatial analysis of Alabama students' recent alcohol use and marijuana use.
Urban-rural differentials: a spatial analysis of Alabama students' recent alcohol use and marijuana use.
复制标题
城乡差异：阿拉巴马州学生近期饮酒和大麻使用的空间分析。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.12023.x
复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cheng,TyroneC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lo,CeliaC;Weber,Joe;Cheng,TyroneC
背景与目的本研究以阿拉巴马州的公立学校学生为研究对象，探索城乡之间在社会和空间机制上的差异，这些机制将结构性因素与近期饮酒和大麻的使用联系起来。方法数据集包括2002年阿拉巴马州学生需求评估调查；阿拉巴马州教育部数据；美国人口普查数据；阿拉巴马州酒精饮料控制委员会列出的酒类销售地点。它测量了结构性劣势因素（人口劣势、社区不稳定、酒精出口密度）、社会组织因素（社区的保护作用、学校的保护作用）和近期使用因素。利用地理信息系统（GIS），它生成了学校集水区（SCAs）的地图——该研究的分析单元——勾勒出学生最近使用酒精和大麻的空间模式（跨越城市或农村地区）。结果在370个sca的最终样本中，在某些结构因素以及这些因素如何与药物使用相关方面，观察到城市与农村的显著差异。撇开这些差异不考虑，空间分析衡量了sca的特殊地理特征，表明位置的重要性，表明发挥强大保护作用的学校不仅显著减少了自己学生最近的物质使用，而且也显著减少了邻近sca学生的物质使用。结论和科学意义研究结果表明，学生近期的酒精和大麻使用与环境特征有关。（Am J Addict 2013; 22:188-196）
Background and ObjectivesThis study of Alabama public school students sought urban‐rural differences in social and spatial mechanisms connecting structural factors to recent use of alcohol and marijuana.MethodsIts dataset comprised a state‐sponsored 2002 need‐assessment survey of Alabama students; Alabama education department data; U. S. Census data; and alcohol‐outlet locations listed by Alabama's Alcoholic Beverage Control Board. It measured structural‐disadvantage factors (population disadvantages, community instability, alcohol‐outlet density), social‐organization factors (protective role of community, protective role of school), and recent‐use factors. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), it generated maps of school catchment areas (SCAs)—the units of analysis for the study—that outline spatial patterns (across areas deemedurbanorrural) of students' recent use of alcohol and marijuana.ResultsIn the final sample of 370 SCAs, significant urban‐versus‐rural differences were observed for certain structural factors and in how these factors were associated with substance use. These differences aside, spatial analysis weighing the SCAs' particular geographic characteristics suggested location's importance, showing that a school playing a strong protective role significantly reduced not just its own students' recent substance use, but that of students in neighboring SCAs as well.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceThe findings show students' recent use of alcohol and marijuana are associated with characteristics of the environment. (Am J Addict 2013; 22:188–196)