Sarin Exposures in A Cohort of British Military Participants in Human Experimental Research at Porton Down 1945-1987
Sarin Exposures in A Cohort of British Military Participants in Human Experimental Research at Porton Down 1945-1987
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DOI：
10.1093/annweh/wxx084
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Venables, Katherine M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keegan, Thomas J.;Carpenter, Lucy M.;Venables, Katherine M.
背景：接触化学战剂对人类的影响是一个热门话题。波顿当 (Porton Down) 是英国的化学战研究中心，自第一次世界大战以来，这里就开展了一项实验计划，涉及从英国武装部队抽调的 30000 名参与者。目标：我们的目标是使用之前分析中未探讨过的详细暴露数据，报告神经毒剂（尤其是沙林毒气）的暴露情况。方法：在本文中，我们使用了参加波顿唐 (Porton Down) 人类志愿者项目的军人的现有暴露数据，以检查一般神经毒剂和沙林毒剂的暴露情况。结果：1945 年至 1987 年间，对六种主要神经毒剂进行了人体测试。在记录的所有 4299 次神经毒剂测试中，3511 次（82%）使用沙林毒气，最常见的是在暴露室中，吸入是最常见的暴露途径（85%）。对沙林暴露的生物反应表示为胆碱酯酶活性的百分比变化，以及较不常见的瞳孔大小的变化。对于红细胞胆碱酯酶，吸入试验的中位抑制率为 41%（四分位数范围 28-51%），最大值为 87%。对于皮肤暴露，记录的最大抑制率为 99%。沙林毒气暴露增加与胆碱酯酶活性抑制之间存在明显关联，但这种关联的强度和方向因暴露途径和化学或物理保护的存在而异。瞳孔大小随着暴露量的增加而减小，但当存在阿托品滴剂等调节剂时，这种关系就不那么明显了。结论：这些结果来自高质量的实验数据，为这些化学制剂对人类的影响提供了独特的见解。
Background: The effects of exposure to chemical warfare agents in humans are topical. Porton Down is the UK's centre for research on chemical warfare where, since WWI, a programme of experiments involving similar to 30000 participants drawn from the UK armed services has been undertaken.Objectives: Our aim is to report on exposures to nerve agents, particularly sarin, using detailed exposure data not explored in a previous analysis.Methods: In this paper, we have used existing data on exposures to servicemen who attended the human volunteer programme at Porton Down to examine exposures to nerve agents in general and to sarin in particular.Results: Six principal nerve agents were tested on humans between 1945 and 1987. Of all 4299 nerve agent tests recorded, 3511 (82%) were with sarin, most commonly in an exposure chamber, with inhalation being the commonest exposure route (85%). Biological response to sarin exposure was expressed as percentage change in cholinesterase activity and, less commonly, change in pupil size. For red blood cell cholinesterase, median inhibition for inhalation tests was 41% (interquartile range 28-51%), with a maximum of 87%. For dermal exposures the maximum inhibition recorded was 99%. There was a clear association between increasing exposure to sarin and depression of cholinesterase activity but the strength and direction of the association varied by exposure route and the presence of chemical or physical protection. Pupil size decreased with increased exposure but this relationship was less clear when modifiers, such as atropine drops, were present.Conclusions: These results, drawn from high quality experimental data, offer a unique insight into the effects of these chemical agents on humans.