Into the world of illegal drug use: Exposure opportunity and other mechanisms linking the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine
Into the world of illegal drug use: Exposure opportunity and other mechanisms linking the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine
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DOI：
10.1093/aje/155.10.918
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发表时间：
2002-05-15
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Anthony, JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wagner, FA;Anthony, JC
借鉴韦德·汉普顿·弗罗斯特（Wade Hampton Frost）描述的“暴露机会”概念，作者研究了两种机制，以帮助解释先前关于“踏脚石”或“门户”序列的观察，这些序列将酒精、烟草、大麻和可卡因的使用联系起来。数据来自四个具有全国代表性和独立的美国家庭居民横断面样本（n = 44，624人，年龄12-25岁）。使用标准化的自我报告方法收集数据，并通过生存方法进行分析。结果表明，烟草和酒精的使用者比非使用者更有可能有机会尝试大麻，并且一旦大麻机会发生，更有可能实际使用大麻。使用可卡因的机会与之前吸食大麻有关。在有机会吸食可卡因的年轻人中，那些吸食过大麻的人比那些没有吸食大麻历史的人更有可能吸食可卡因。所观察到的相关性似乎并不仅仅是由于年轻吸毒者寻找吸毒机会而产生的。应用弗罗斯特的暴露机会的流行病学概念，作者提供了新的流行病学证据的序列，早期使用酒精和烟草，后来非法药物的参与。
Drawing upon an "exposure opportunity" concept described by Wade Hampton Frost, the authors studied two mechanisms to help account for prior observations about the "stepping-stone" or "gateway" sequences that link the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine. Data were obtained from four nationally representative and independent cross-sectional samples of US household residents (n = 44,624 persons aged 12-25 years). Data were gathered using standardized self-report methods and were analyzed via survival methods. Results indicated that users of tobacco and alcohol were more likely than nonusers to have an opportunity to try marijuana and were more likely to actually use marijuana once a marijuana opportunity had occurred. Opportunity to use cocaine was associated with prior marijuana smoking. Among young people with a cocaine opportunity those who had used marijuana were more likely to use cocaine than were those with no history of marijuana use. The observed associations did not seem to arise solely as a result of young drug users' seeking out opportunities to use drugs. Applying Frost's epidemiologic concept of exposure opportunity, the authors offer new epidemiologic evidence on the sequences that link earlier use of alcohol and tobacco to later illegal drug involvement.