Households contaminated by environmental tobacco smoke: sources of infant exposures
Households contaminated by environmental tobacco smoke: sources of infant exposures
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DOI：
10.1136/tc.2003.003889
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Larson, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matt, GE;Quintana, PJE;Larson, S
目的：检验(1)吸烟者家庭中的灰尘和表面是否受到环境烟草烟雾（ETS）的污染；(2)吸烟父母是否可以在室外远离婴儿吸烟来保护婴儿；(3)被污染的灰尘、表面和空气是否会导致婴儿暴露于ETS。设计：准实验：比较三种有婴儿的家庭类型：(1)不吸烟的家庭，他们认为他们已经保护了他们的孩子免受ETS的伤害；(2)认为自己保护了孩子不受ETS伤害的吸烟者；(3)使子女接触排放废气的吸烟者。环境：吸烟者和非吸烟者的家。参与者：吸烟和不吸烟的母亲及其婴儿(1岁。主要结果测量：通过室内灰尘、室内空气和家居表面中的尼古丁来测量ETS污染。婴儿尿液中可替宁水平测定的ETS暴露。结果：在试图通过户外吸烟来保护婴儿的吸烟者家庭中，ETS污染和ETS暴露比不吸烟者家庭高5 - 7倍。通过室内吸烟使婴儿暴露于ETS的吸烟者家庭的ETS污染和暴露比试图通过室外吸烟来保护孩子的吸烟者家庭的ETS污染和暴露高3 - 8倍。结论：吸烟者家中的灰尘和表面受到了ETS的污染。吸烟者的婴儿有在家中通过灰尘、表面和空气接触ETS的危险。在室外和远离婴儿的地方吸烟减少但不能完全保护吸烟者的家庭和吸烟者的婴儿免受排放废气的污染。
Objectives: To examine (1) whether dust and surfaces in households of smokers are contaminated with environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); (2) whether smoking parents can protect their infants by smoking outside and away from the infant; and (3) whether contaminated dust, surfaces, and air contribute to ETS exposure in infants.Design: Quasi-experiment comparing three types of households with infants: ( 1) non-smokers who believe they have protected their children from ETS; (2) smokers who believe they have protected their children from ETS; (3) smokers who expose their children to ETS.Setting: Homes of smokers and non-smokers.Participants: Smoking and non-smoking mothers and their infants (1 year.Main outcome measures: ETS contamination as measured by nicotine in household dust, indoor air, and household surfaces. ETS exposure as measured by cotinine levels in infant urine.Results: ETS contamination and ETS exposure were 5 - 7 times higher in households of smokers trying to protect their infants by smoking outdoors than in households of non-smokers. ETS contamination and exposure were 3 - 8 times higher in households of smokers who exposed their infants to ETS by smoking indoors than in households of smokers trying to protect their children by smoking outdoors.Conclusions: Dust and surfaces in homes of smokers are contaminated with ETS. Infants of smokers are at risk of ETS exposure in their homes through dust, surfaces, and air. Smoking outside the home and away from the infant reduces but does not completely protect a smoker's home from ETS contamination and a smoker's infant from ETS exposure.