Distracted driving and risk of road crashes among novice and experienced drivers.
Distracted driving and risk of road crashes among novice and experienced drivers.
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DOI：
10.1056/nejmsa1204142
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发表时间：
2014-01-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Dingus TA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Klauer SG;Guo F;Simons-Morton BG;Ouimet MC;Lee SE;Dingus TA
无论是新手驾驶员的青少年还是经验丰富的驾驶员，因执行次要任务而导致的分心驾驶都是导致机动车事故的主要原因。我们进行了两项关于次要任务（包括使用手机）的表现与撞车和险些撞车风险之间关系的研究。为了方便客观评估，在42名新驾照驾驶员（16.3至17.0岁）和109名具有更多驾驶经验的成年人的车辆上安装了加速度计、摄像头、全球定位系统和其他传感器。在研究期间，确定了新手驾驶员中的167起碰撞和接近碰撞，以及经验丰富的驾驶员中的518起碰撞和接近碰撞。新手驾驶员在拨打手机时发生撞车或险些撞车的风险显著增加（优势比，8.32; 95%置信区间[CI]，2.83至24.42），（比值比，7.05; 95% CI，2.64至18.83），发送或接收短信（优势比，3.87; 95% CI，1.62至9.25），伸手去拿手机以外的物体（比值比，8.00; 95% CI，3.67至17.50），看路边物体（比值比，3.90; 95% CI，1.72至8.81），或吃东西（比值比，2.99; 95% CI，1.30至6.91）。在有经验的司机中，拨打手机与撞车或接近撞车的风险显著增加相关（比值比，2.49; 95%CI，1.38至4.54）;在这一人群中，未评估与发短信或上网相关的风险。随着时间的推移，新手司机对次要任务的高风险注意力的普遍性增加，但在有经验的司机中则没有。新手司机撞车或差点撞车的风险随着许多次要任务的执行而增加，包括发短信和拨打手机。（由Eunice Kennedy Shriver国家儿童健康和人类发展研究所和国家公路交通安全管理局资助。
Distracted driving attributable to the performance of secondary tasks is a major cause of motor vehicle crashes both among teenagers who are novice drivers and among adults who are experienced drivers. We conducted two studies on the relationship between the performance of secondary tasks, including cell-phone use, and the risk of crashes and near-crashes. To facilitate objective assessment, accelerometers, cameras, global positioning systems, and other sensors were installed in the vehicles of 42 newly licensed drivers (16.3 to 17.0 years of age) and 109 adults with more driving experience. During the study periods, 167 crashes and near-crashes among novice drivers and 518 crashes and near-crashes among experienced drivers were identified. The risk of a crash or near-crash among novice drivers increased significantly if they were dialing a cell phone (odds ratio, 8.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.83 to 24.42), reaching for a cell phone (odds ratio, 7.05; 95% CI, 2.64 to 18.83), sending or receiving text messages (odds ratio, 3.87; 95% CI, 1.62 to 9.25), reaching for an object other than a cell phone (odds ratio, 8.00; 95% CI, 3.67 to 17.50), looking at a roadside object (odds ratio, 3.90; 95% CI, 1.72 to 8.81), or eating (odds ratio, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.30 to 6.91). Among experienced drivers, dialing a cell phone was associated with a significantly increased risk of a crash or near-crash (odds ratio, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.38 to 4.54); the risk associated with texting or accessing the Internet was not assessed in this population. The prevalence of high-risk attention to secondary tasks increased over time among novice drivers but not among experienced drivers. The risk of a crash or near-crash among novice drivers increased with the performance of many secondary tasks, including texting and dialing cell phones. (Funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.)