Biological responses to glyphosate drift from aerial application in non-glyphosate-resistant corn.
Biological responses to glyphosate drift from aerial application in non-glyphosate-resistant corn.
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DOI：
10.1002/ps.1996
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发表时间：
2010-10
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
K. N. Reddy;W. Ding;W. Ding;R. M. Zablotowicz;S. Thomson;Yanbo Huang;L. Krutz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. N. Reddy;W. Ding;W. Ding;R. M. Zablotowicz;S. Thomson;Yanbo Huang;L. Krutz
草甘膦从空中施用到敏感作物上的漂移是不可避免的，然而作物中对草甘膦漂移的生物反应还没有很好地表征。本研究的目的是确定单次空中施药（18.3 m宽，866 g AE ha（-1））的草甘膦漂移对非草甘膦抗性（non-GR）玉米的玉米损伤、叶绿素含量、莽草酸水平、株高和地上部干重的影响。结果施药后1周，距喷幅边缘3 m处玉米被害，下风向35.4m处被害率降至18%。叶绿素含量从6 m处的78%下降到15.8m处的22%，并且在1 WAA处超过25.6m不受影响。玉米中的莽草酸积累从0 m处的349%下降到15.8 m处的93%，顺风25.6 m以外的莽草酸水平不受影响。株高和地上部干重随距离的增加而逐渐降低。在35.4 m的距离，玉米高度减少了14%，地上部干重减少了10%，在3 WAA。结论玉米伤害和其他生物学反应指向相同的结论，即草甘膦空中飘移的伤害在喷雾带边缘最高，并随着距离的增加而逐渐降低。当风速为11.2 km h（-1）时，在喷洒飞机上使用CP-09喷嘴，LD（50）（漂移导致生物反应降低50%所必须经过的致死距离）在生物参数中的范围为12 - 26 m。
BACKGROUND Glyphosate drift from aerial application onto susceptible crops is inevitable, yet the biological responses to glyphosate drift in crops are not well characterized. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of glyphosate drift from a single aerial application (18.3 m swath, 866 g AE ha(-1)) on corn injury, chlorophyll content, shikimate level, plant height and shoot dry weight in non-glyphosate-resistant (non-GR) corn. RESULTS One week after application (WAA), corn was killed at 3 m from the edge of the spray swath, with injury decreasing to 18% at 35.4 m downwind. Chlorophyll content decreased from 78% at 6 m to 22% at 15.8 m, and it was unaffected beyond 25.6 m at 1 WAA. Shikimate accumulation in corn decreased from 349% at 0 m to 93% at 15.8 m, and shikimate levels were unaffected beyond 25.6 m downwind. Plant height and shoot dry weight decreased gradually with increasing distance. At a distance of 35.4 m, corn height was reduced by 14% and shoot dry weight by 10% at 3 WAA. CONCLUSIONS Corn injury and other biological responses point to the same conclusion, that is, injury from glyphosate aerial drift is highest at the edge of the spray swath and decreases gradually with distance. The LD(50) (the lethal distance that drift must travel to cause a 50% reduction in biological response) ranged from 12 to 26 m among the biological parameters when wind speed was 11.2 km h(-1) and using a complement of CP-09 spray nozzles on spray aircraft.