Obesity interferes with the orosensory detection of long-chain fatty, acids in humans
Obesity interferes with the orosensory detection of long-chain fatty, acids in humans
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DOI：
10.3945/ajcn.113.077198
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Besnard, Philippe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chevrot, Michael;Passilly-Degrace, Patricia;Besnard, Philippe
背景：在人类中，口感血脂检测、对脂肪食物的偏好和体重指数(BMI；单位为kg/m(2))之间的关系存在争议。目的：探讨瘦身和肥胖者的口腔脂质感觉系统和味觉诱导的自主神经反射系统。设计：纳入年龄匹配的男性，瘦(BMI：19~30；29)。采用3次强迫选择上升法测定其对亚油酸(LA)的口服阈值敏感度，并通过对连续4个24小时饮食日记的分析，建立其饮食习惯。按照受试者内随机设计，分析了短暂的口服脂肪刺激对隔夜禁食瘦身和肥胖者血浆甘油三酯[(TG)PI]浓度的影响。瘦和肥胖者的平均检测阈值分别为0.053%(wt：wt)和0.071%(wt：wt)。未观察到LA检测阈值与BMI之间的关系。只检测到较高浓度LA(5%wt：wt)或不能正确区分对照和LA乳剂的5名受试者是肥胖的。对饮食习惯的分析表明，这些肥胖的洛杉矶无味者比其他所有受试者消耗更多的血脂和能量。用对照或1%LA乳剂进行短暂的全口刺激(吸口吐口法)显示，在隔夜禁食、瘦弱的受试者中，LA介导的(TG)PI浓度升高。这种变化似乎是由肝脏引起的。肥胖者并未表现出这种(TG)PI的上调，这表明肥胖导致口腔-脑干-外周环路的紊乱。结论：这些数据强烈表明，肥胖可能干扰了负责检测人体游离长链脂肪酸的嗅觉系统。这项试验在Clinicaltrials.gov上注册为NCT02028975。
Background: The association between the orosensory detection of lipids, preference for fatty foods, and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) is controversial in humans.Objective: We explored the oral lipid-sensing system and the orosensory-induced autonomic reflex system in lean and obese subjects.Design: Lean (BMI: 19 to 30; it = 29) age-matched men were enrolled. Their oral threshold sensitivity to linoleic acid (LA) was determined by using a 3-alternative forced-choice ascending procedure, and their eating habits were established by the analysis of 4 consecutive 24-h food-consumption diaries. The effect of brief oral lipid stimulations on plasma triglyceride [(TG)pI] concentrations was analyzed in overnight-fasted lean and obese individuals subjected to a whole-mouth stimulation (sip-and-spit procedure) with a control or 1% LA emulsions for 5 min according to a within-subject randomized design.Results: A large distribution of LA detection was shown in both groups. Mean detection thresholds were 0.053% (wt:wt) and 0.071% (wt:wt) in lean and obese subjects, respectively. No relation between the LA detection threshold and BMI was observed. The 5 subjects who detected only the higher concentration of LA (5% wt:wt) or were unable to distinguish properly between control and LA emulsions were obese. An analysis of dietary habits showed that these obese LA nontasters consumed more lipids and energy than did all other subjects. Brief whole-mouth stimulations (sip-and-spit procedure) with a control or 1% LA emulsion revealed an LA-mediated rise in (TG)pI concentrations in overnight-fasted, lean subjects. The origin of this change seemed to be hepatic. This (TG)pI upregulation was not shown in obese subjects, which suggested that obesity led to disturbances in the oral-brainstem-periphery loop.Conclusion: Altogether, these data strongly suggest that obesity may interfere with the orosensory system responsible for the detection of free long-chain fatty acids in humans. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02028975.