Identifying spatial patterns of erosion for use in precision conservation
Identifying spatial patterns of erosion for use in precision conservation
复制标题
识别侵蚀的空间模式以用于精确保护
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Fenton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Schumacher;T. Kaspar;J. Ritchie;T. Schumacher;D. Karlen;E. R. Venteris;G. McCarty;T. Colvin;D. Jaynes;M. J. Lindstrom;T. Fenton
摘要：特定地点保护实践的应用需要对田野空间格局的了解。本研究评估了在爱荷华州中部地区描述土壤侵蚀模式的两种方法。首先，利用铯-137 （137Cs）的土壤位移估计了单个网格样品的土壤侵蚀率。其次，利用地形驱动的水与耕作侵蚀模型（WATEM）估算耕作和水分侵蚀。耕蚀图显示凸肩位置的土壤流失和凹脚坡和趾坡景观位置的土壤积累。另外，水侵蚀与后坡坡度和坡长有关。当耕作和水蚀图模式结合在一起时，在图形和统计上显示出与137Cs土壤侵蚀模式良好的相关性。研究结果表明，在开发反映一块土地侵蚀历史的空间地图时，耕作侵蚀应包括在水蚀和风蚀估计中。空间地图描绘了一块土地的侵蚀历史和影响侵蚀的主要过程，可以用于特定地点实施保护措施，如覆盖作物、有机质添加和免耕，这些措施可以针对特定的侵蚀过程。
ABSTRACT: The application of site-specific conservation practices requires knowledge of spatial patterns in fields. This study evaluated two methods of delineating soil erosion patterns in a central Iowa field. First, soil erosion rates of individual grid based samples were estimated using soil displacement of cesium-137 (137Cs). Second, tillage and water erosion were estimated using the topography-driven Water and Tillage Erosion Model (WATEM). The tillage erosion map showed soil loss in convex shoulder positions and soil accumulation in concave footslope and toeslope landscape positions. Alternately, water erosion was associated with slope severity and slope length on backslopes. When the tillage and water erosion map patterns were combined a good correlation with the 137Cs soil erosion pattern was graphically and statistically exhibited. Study results suggest that tillage erosion be included with water and wind erosion estimates when developing spatial maps that reflect a field9s erosion history. Spatial maps depicting a field9s erosion history and the primary processes affecting erosion could be used for site-specific implementation of conservation practices such as cover crops, organic matter additions, and no-till, which could be targeted at specific erosion processes.