Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Elemental Carbon in Bakersfield, California.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Elemental Carbon in Bakersfield, California.
复制标题
加利福尼亚州贝克斯菲尔德的多环芳烃和元素碳的空间和时间分布。
DOI：
10.1007/s11869-016-0399-y
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发表时间：
2016-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hammond SK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Noth EM;Lurmann F;Northcross A;Perrino C;Vaughn D;Hammond SK
尽管越来越多的证据表明，暴露在空气中的多环芳烃(PAH)会对敏感人群的健康造成不利影响，但可用于流行病学研究的城市内短期空间分布数据有限。空气中多环芳烃的暴露评估并不常见，因为多环芳烃的空气采样是一项劳力、设备和时间密集型任务。为了解决这一差距，我们测量了2010-2011年美国加利福尼亚州贝克斯菲尔德的冬季多环芳烃浓度，贝克斯菲尔德是圣华金河谷南部的一个主要城市。具体地说，从2010年11月至2011年1月，在14个地点的4个时间段内收集了58个96小时的综合多环芳烃样本；在两个地点收集了重复的样本。我们还收集了相同14个采样点的元素碳(EC)，并分析了环境多环芳烃污染最严重的两个时间段。我们使用线性回归模型来量化多环芳烃浓度的潜在空间和时间预测因子之间的关系。我们发现，气象变量和交通距离对加州贝克斯菲尔德冬季多环芳烃浓度的预测效果最好。我们的模型解释了数据中的适度变异性(R2=0.58)，可能反映了贝克斯菲尔德多环芳烃的主要来源。我们还观察到多环芳烃浓度比EC浓度在空间上的变化更大。将我们的数据与贝克尔斯菲尔德一个地点的历史监测数据进行比较，发现贝克尔斯菲尔德2010-2011年冬季的多环芳烃浓度相对较低，这是多环芳烃浓度下降的长期趋势的一部分。
Despite increasing evidence that airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposures contribute to adverse health outcomes for sensitive populations, limited data are available on short-term intraurban spatial distributions for use in epidemiologic research. Exposure assessments for airborne PAHs are uncommon because air sampling for PAHs is a labor-, equipment-, and time-intensive task. To address this gap we measured wintertime PAH concentrations during 2010-2011 in Bakersfield, California, USA, a major city in the Southern San Joaquin Valley. Specifically, 58 96-hour integrated PAH samples were collected during 4 time periods at 14 locations from November 2010 to January 2011; duplicates were collected at two sites. We also collected elemental carbon (EC) at the same 14 sites and analyzed the two time periods with the highest ambient PAH pollution. We used linear regression models to quantify the relationship between potential spatial and temporal predictors of PAH concentrations. We found that wintertime PAH concentrations in Bakersfield, CA, are best predicted by meteorological variables and traffic proximity. Our model explains a moderate amount of the variability in the data (R2=0.58), likely reflecting the major sources of PAHs in Bakersfield. We also observed that PAH concentrations were more spatially variable than EC concentrations. Comparing our data to historical monitoring data at one location in Bakersfield showed that the relatively low PAH concentrations during the 2010-2011 winter in Bakersfield is part of a long-term trend in decreasing PAH concentrations.