Effect of Retirement on Sleep Disturbances: the GAZEL Prospective Cohort Study
Effect of Retirement on Sleep Disturbances: the GAZEL Prospective Cohort Study
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/sleep/32.11.1459
复制
发表时间：
2009-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Zins, Marie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vahtera, Jussi;Westerlund, Hugo;Zins, Marie
目的：人们对退休后健康的变化知之甚少。我们使用系列测量来评估退休对睡眠障碍的影响。设计：前瞻性队列研究。设置：法国国家燃气和电力公司。参与者：14,714名退休员工(79%的男性)。测量和结果：对退休前7年到退休后7年的睡眠障碍的年度调查测量(平均12个测量)。在退休前，22.2%至24.6%的参与者报告曾扰乱睡眠。根据重复测量Logistic回归分析和广义估计方程估计，退休后睡眠障碍与退休前睡眠障碍的优势比(OR)为0.74(95%可信区间0.71~0.77)。退休后睡眠的改善男性(OR 0.66[0.63-0.69])比女性(OR 0.89[0.84-0.95])更明显，高级别员工比低级别员工更明显。退休后睡眠改善的解释是退休前风险因素的组合，表明消除与工作相关的暴露是一种机制。退休后睡眠普遍改善的唯一例外是因健康原因而退休。在这组参与者中，退休后的睡眠障碍有所增加。结论：重复测量为退休后睡眠障碍的显著和持续减少提供了强有力的证据。在西方社会，个人在就业时的健康和福祉可能比退休后严重得多，这对提高工作生活质量提出了巨大挑战，在西方社会，人口老龄化的成本只能通过提高平均退休年龄来支付。
Objectives: Changes in health following retirement are poorly understood. We used serial measurements to assess the effect of retirement on sleep disturbances.Design: Prospective cohort study.Setting: The French national gas and electricity company.Participants: Fourteen thousand seven hundred fourteen retired employees (79% men).Measurements and Results: Annual survey measurements of sleep disturbances ranging from 7 years before to 7 years after retirement (a mean of 12 measurements). Before retirement 22.2% to 24.6% of participants reported having disturbed sleep. According to repeated-measures logistic-regression analysis with generalized estimating equations estimation, the odds ratio (OR) for having a sleep disturbance in the postretirement period was 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.71-0.77), compared with having a sleep disturbance in the preretirement period. The postretirement improvement in sleep was more pronounced in men (OR 0.66 [0.63-0.69]) than in women (OR 0.89 [0.84-0.95]) and in higher-grade workers than lower-grade workers. Postretirement sleep improvement was explained by the combination of preretirement risk factors suggesting removal of work-related exposures as a mechanism. The only exception to the general improvement in sleep after retirement was related to retirement on health grounds. In this group of participants, there was an increase in sleep disturbances following retirement.Conclusions: Repeated measurements provide strong evidence for a substantial and sustained decrease in sleep disturbances following retirement. The possibility that the health and well-being of individuals are significantly worse when in employment than following retirement presents a great challenge to improve the quality of work life in Western societies in which the cost of the aging population can only be met through an increase in average retirement age.