Braking and Accelerating of the Adolescent Brain.
Braking and Accelerating of the Adolescent Brain.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00712.x
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Somerville LH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Casey B;Jones RM;Somerville LH
青春期是一个发育阶段，其特点往往是冲动和冒险的选择，导致意外伤害和暴力、酗酒和吸毒、意外怀孕和性传播疾病的发生率增加。传统的神经生物学和认知的解释，这种次优的选择和行动，未能解释非线性变化的行为观察到在青春期，相对于儿童和成年。这篇评论提供了一个生物学上合理的概念化的机制，这些非线性的行为变化，作为一个高度敏感的动机线索和不成熟的认知控制之间的不平衡。最近的人类成像和动物研究为这一观点提供了生物学基础，表明相对于儿童和成年期，青春期皮质下边缘系统相对于自上而下的控制系统的发展存在差异。这项工作强调了研究进入和退出青春期的过渡的重要性，并强调了未来研究青少年大脑发育的新途径。
Adolescence is a developmental period often characterized as a time of impulsive and risky choices leading to increased incidence of unintentional injuries and violence, alcohol and drug abuse, unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Traditional neurobiological and cognitive explanations for such suboptimal choices and actions have failed to account for nonlinear changes in behavior observed during adolescence, relative to childhood and adulthood. This review provides a biologically plausible conceptualization of the mechanisms underlying these nonlinear changes in behavior, as an imbalance between a heightened sensitivity to motivational cues and immature cognitive control. Recent human imaging and animal studies provide a biological basis for this view, suggesting differential development of subcortical limbic systems relative to top-down control systems during adolescence relative to childhood and adulthood. This work emphasizes the importance of examining transitions into and out of adolescence and highlights emerging avenues of future research on adolescent brain development.