Cases of mortality in little penguins (Eudyptula minor) in New Zealand associated with avian malaria
Cases of mortality in little penguins (Eudyptula minor) in New Zealand associated with avian malaria
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新西兰小企鹅（Eudyptulaminor）因禽疟疾死亡的病例
DOI：
10.1080/00480169.2017.1359124
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
B. Gartrell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DC Sijbranda;S. Hunter;L. Howe;B. Lenting;L. Argilla;B. Gartrell
摘要案例历史一只野生小企鹅（Eudyptula minor）在惠灵顿动物园圈养，在2013年3月变得食欲不振和昏昏欲睡。尽管在动物园的野生动物医院得到了支持性护理，这只鸟还是在24小时内死亡。临床发现体重减轻，脱水，粘膜苍白，虚弱，呼吸努力增加和胆绿素尿的体格检查明显。血液涂片的显微镜评价显示疟原虫属的红细胞内阶段。以及在没有贫血的情况下出现再生性网织红细胞增多症。病理学发现尸检发现包括身体状况下降、脱水、肺充血和水肿、肝肿大、脾肿大、心包积液和皮下水肿。组织学发现包括肺、肝和脾切片中的原生动物生物体。存在明显、弥漫性、亚急性间质性组织细胞性肺炎。在肝脏枯否细胞和脾脏组织细胞型细胞中观察到含铁血黄素蓄积。从肝脏的冷冻部分提取DNA。巢式PCR结果和DNA测序证实了死亡的小企鹅感染了长疟原虫（Huffia）谱系GRW 06。诊断长形疟原虫（Huffia）引起的禽疟疾GRW 06回顾性调查对梅西大学尸检数据库中的294例小企鹅病例进行了回顾性分析，发现了另外三例潜在的禽疟疾病例。使用疟原虫属的巢式PCR分析存档组织。随后的DNA测序显示，在奥克兰动物园死亡的一只小企鹅感染了长体疟原虫GRW 06，在新西兰海滩发现的两只野生小企鹅死亡，感染了遗骨疟原虫SGS 1和疟原虫。sp. lineage LINN1.因此，与禽疟疾相关的小企鹅死亡总频率为4/295（1.36%）。临床相关性我们的研究结果表明，禽疟疾与新西兰野生和圈养小企鹅的零星死亡有关，但没有证据表明大规模死亡事件是由于疟原虫属。感染
Abstract CASE HISTORY A little penguin (Eudyptula minor) of wild origin, in captivity at Wellington Zoo, became inappetent and lethargic in March 2013. Despite supportive care in the zoo’s wildlife hospital, the bird died within 24 hours. CLINICAL FINDINGS Weight loss, dehydration, pale mucous membranes, weakness, increased respiratory effort and biliverdinuria were apparent on physical examination. Microscopic evaluation of blood smears revealed intra-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium spp. and a regenerative reticulocytosis in the absence of anaemia. PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS Post-mortem findings included reduced body condition, dehydration, pulmonary congestion and oedema, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, hydropericardium and subcutaneous oedema. Histopathological findings included protozoal organisms in sections of lung, liver and spleen. A marked, diffuse, sub-acute interstitial histiocytic pneumonia was present. Accumulation of haemosiderin was noted in the Kupffer cells of the liver and in histiocytic-type cells in the spleen. MOLECULAR TESTING DNA was extracted from frozen portions of the liver. Nested PCR results and DNA sequencing confirmed infection of the deceased little penguin with Plasmodium (Huffia) elongatum lineage GRW06. DIAGNOSIS Avian malaria due to Plasmodium (Huffia) elongatum GRW06 RETROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION A retrospective analysis of 294 little penguin cases in the Massey University post-mortem database revealed three other potential avian malaria cases. Analysis of archived tissues using a nested PCR for Plasmodium spp. followed by DNA sequencing revealed that a little penguin which died at Auckland Zoo was infected with P. elongatum GRW06 and two wild little penguins found dead on New Zealand beaches were infected with P. relictum SGS1 and Plasmodium. sp. lineage LINN1. Therefore, the overall frequency of deaths in little penguins associated with avian malaria was 4/295 (1.36%). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results suggest that avian malaria is associated with sporadic mortality in New Zealand’s little penguins both in the wild and in captivity, but there is no evidence of mass mortality events due to Plasmodium spp. infection.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Knowles, Sarah C. L.;Nakagawa, Shinichi;Sheldon, Ben C.
通讯作者：
Sheldon, Ben C.