Effects of Resistance Training in Youth Athletes on Muscular Fitness and Athletic Performance: A Conceptual Model for Long-Term Athlete Development.
Effects of Resistance Training in Youth Athletes on Muscular Fitness and Athletic Performance: A Conceptual Model for Long-Term Athlete Development.
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DOI：
10.3389/fphys.2016.00164
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Behm DG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Granacher U;Lesinski M;Büsch D;Muehlbauer T;Prieske O;Puta C;Gollhofer A;Behm DG
在运动员的长期发展阶段，阻力训练（RT）是一种重要的手段，用于（i）刺激运动员的发展，（ii）耐受长期训练和比赛的需求，（iii）诱导长期的健康促进效果，随着时间的推移，并跟踪到成年期。然而，关于LIVER期间的最佳RT方法以及RT如何与生物学年龄相关联，文献中存在空白。因此，这一范围审查的目的是（一）描述和讨论的影响，RT对肌肉健康和运动表现的青年运动员，（二）介绍一个概念模型，如何适当地实施不同类型的RT内的Lepsy阶段，及（iii）从现有的文献中找出研究差距，推导出对未来研究的影响。在一般情况下，RT产生小到中度的影响，肌肉力量表现出最大的改善，肌肉健身和运动表现的青年运动员。自由重量，复杂的，和健身训练似乎是非常适合提高肌肉健康和运动表现。此外，平衡训练似乎是一个重要的准备（促进）训练计划，在所有阶段的LIFE，但特别是在早期阶段。随着青少年运动员变得更加成熟，RT方法的特异性和强度增加。这项范围审查确定了研究差距，总结如下，并应在未来的研究中加以解决：（i）阐明性别和生物年龄对青年运动员（特别是女性）RT后适应潜力的影响，（ii）更详细地描述RT方案（即，总是报告压力和应变为基础的参数），和（iii）检查神经肌肉和肌腱适应RT后的青年运动员。
During the stages of long-term athlete development (LTAD), resistance training (RT) is an important means for (i) stimulating athletic development, (ii) tolerating the demands of long-term training and competition, and (iii) inducing long-term health promoting effects that are robust over time and track into adulthood. However, there is a gap in the literature with regards to optimal RT methods during LTAD and how RT is linked to biological age. Thus, the aims of this scoping review were (i) to describe and discuss the effects of RT on muscular fitness and athletic performance in youth athletes, (ii) to introduce a conceptual model on how to appropriately implement different types of RT within LTAD stages, and (iii) to identify research gaps from the existing literature by deducing implications for future research. In general, RT produced small-to-moderate effects on muscular fitness and athletic performance in youth athletes with muscular strength showing the largest improvement. Free weight, complex, and plyometric training appear to be well-suited to improve muscular fitness and athletic performance. In addition, balance training appears to be an important preparatory (facilitating) training program during all stages of LTAD but particularly during the early stages. As youth athletes become more mature, specificity, and intensity of RT methods increase. This scoping review identified research gaps that are summarized in the following and that should be addressed in future studies: (i) to elucidate the influence of gender and biological age on the adaptive potential following RT in youth athletes (especially in females), (ii) to describe RT protocols in more detail (i.e., always report stress and strain-based parameters), and (iii) to examine neuromuscular and tendomuscular adaptations following RT in youth athletes.