Use of Licit and Illicit Drugs by America's High School Students, 1975-1984.
Use of Licit and Illicit Drugs by America's High School Students, 1975-1984.
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美国高中生合法和非法药物的使用，1975-1984 年。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Bachman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Johnston;P. O'Malley;J. Bachman
这份关于美国高中生药物使用和相关态度的报告中涉及的两个主要主题是目前高中生使用药物的普遍程度和1975年以来的使用趋势。这些发现涵盖了1975、1984年的高中班级，来自一项正在进行的名为“监测未来：对青年生活方式和价值观的持续研究”的全国性研究和报告计划。还报告了关于一年级的使用趋势、较早年级的使用趋势、老年人对各种药物使用的态度和信念以及他们对社会环境某些相关方面的看法的数据。区分的11种不同类别的毒品是大麻(包括大麻)、吸入剂、致幻剂、可卡因、海洛因、除海洛因外的天然和合成鸦片类、兴奋剂、镇静剂、镇静剂、酒精和香烟。还提供了几个亚类药物的单独统计数据：五氯苯酚和迷幻剂(均为致幻剂)、巴比妥酸盐和安眠酮(均为镇静剂)以及戊基和丁基亚硝酸盐(均为吸入剂)。基础研究设计包括从1975届开始的每年春季从高中高年级学生那里收集数据。每次数据收集都在大约125-140所公立和私立高中进行，以提供全美高中高年级学生的准确横截面。一项多阶段的程序被用来确保在全国范围内抽取高中生样本。每年在参与学校的所有抽样学生中，77%至83%的学生获得了完整的问卷。1984年调查中出现的最重要的发现包括：几年前开始的总体非法药物使用的逐渐下降的趋势仍在继续；这种下降在很大程度上是由于最受欢迎的非法药物大麻的使用率持续下降，目前的使用量从1979年的37%下降到1984年的25%；此外，自1981年以来，报告使用大麻以外的非法药物的老年人的比例也一直在逐渐下降，1981-83年期间，这类行为的未调整月度流行率从22%下降到18%；在1981年，没有任何一类非法药物出现明显下降，但一些药物继续逐渐长期下降，安非他明、镇静剂、镇静剂和迷幻剂；1975-79年间，海洛因的年使用率下降了一半(从1.0%下降到0.5%)，此后几乎保持不变；自1971年以来，可卡因的年度(和30天)流行率统计数字也保持不变，但与海洛因不同的是，在这个稳定期之前，使用量急剧增加，而不是下降。
2 of the major topics treated in this report of drug use and related attitudes of high school seniors in the US are the current prevalence of drug use among high school seniors and trends in use since 1975. The findings cover the high school classes of 1975 1984 and come from an ongoing national research and reporting program entitled "Monitoring the Future: A Continuing Study of the Lifestyles and Values of Youth." Also reported are data on grade at 1st use trends in use at earlier grade levels intensity of drug use attitudes and beliefs among seniors concerning various types of drug use and their perceptions of certain relevant aspects of the social environment. The 11 separate classes of drugs distinguished are marijuana (including hashish) inhalants hallucinogens cocaine heroin natural and synthetic opiates other than heroin stimulants sedatives tranquilizers alcohol and cigarettes. Separate statistics also are presented for several subclasses of drugs: PCP and LSD (both hallucinogens) barbiturates and methaqualone (both sedatives) and the amyl and butyl nitrites (both inhalants). The basic research design involves data collection from high school seniors during the spring of each year beginning with the class of 1975. Each data collection takes place in approximately 125-140 public and private high schools selected to provide an accurate cross-section of high school seniors throughout the US. A multistage procedure was used for securing a nationwide sample of high school seniors. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 77 to 83% of all sampled students in participating schools each year. The most important findings to emerge in the 1984 surveys include: the gradual decline in overall illicit drug use which began a couple of years ago continues; much of this decline is attributable to an ongoing drop in the use of the most popular of the illicit drugs marijuana with current use dropping from 37% in 1979 to 25% in 1984; in addition the proportion of seniors reporting the use of illicit drugs other than marijuana also has been dropping gradually since 1981 and between 1981-83 the unadjusted monthly prevalence for this class of behavior dropped from 22 to 18%; in 1981 no given class of illicit drug exhibited a marked decline but a number continued their gradual longer-term decline amphetamines sedatives and tranquilizers as well as hallucinogens; the annual prevalence of heroin use dropped by 1/2 between 1975-79 (from 1.0% to 0.5%) and has remained virtually constant ever since; and the annual (and the 30-day) prevalence statistics for cocaine likewise have remained constant since 1971 but unlike heroin this period of stability was preceded by one of sharp increase in use rather than a decline.